CompetenceCompetence in organized sports was one <strong>of</strong> the most common threads across the interviewswith adolescent Hispanic girls who participated in organized sports. Girls repeatedly mentionedthat it was important for them to be competent in sports or to work towards attainingcompetence. Frequently occurring Competence codes included:• Skill instruction/Desire to learn. For girls who were playing on an organized sportsteam for the first time or for girls who had played organized sports before but were nowlearning a new sport, the opportunity to receive skill instruction and to becomepr<strong>of</strong>icient in the sport was <strong>of</strong> great importance.• Sport competence. Some girls were not satisfied with simply knowing how to play;they wanted to achieve a level <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>iciency or competency that indicated they wereparticularly “good” at the sport. For example, Daniela explained how she went fromknowing how to play volleyball recreationally to being one <strong>of</strong> the more skilled players onthe team:I really like volleyball, but I never really knew how to play. We use to just play like,like when we had little family parties. Like we use to play, but I didn’t really knowhow. You know so I wanted to get good at it too. And like my first year (in middleschool), I was pretty good. Like, I knew like how to play before I had played in middleschool, but it was way different because everything you do like bump, set, spike. Andlike I didn’t know how to do that and I didn’t really know what it meant either(laughs). So you know I had to learn that and I learned pretty quick, so I got good atit. And, um I ended up being, like being like one <strong>of</strong> the good ones, ‘cause you know Ihad like a lot <strong>of</strong> serves.• Sport achievement. Perhaps not surprisingly, some <strong>of</strong> girls’ favorite memories fromthe season were examples <strong>of</strong> crowing sport achievements – placing in competitions,performing well, or the ultimate experience <strong>of</strong> sports competence – winning.• Recognition. Some girls appreciated when they were recognized by others for theirsports competence. Laura told about one <strong>of</strong> her shining moments on the volleyballteam:I was having a good day so I would serve a lot. And I would like serve almost thewhole game to 15… Then the audience was like yelling and stuff. You know, like“Laura!” They’re like, “Little one!” ‘Cause I’m like little. And it was just fun, and thenthe coach would be like, “Yeah!” And everybody would be cheering and stuff. Youknow, it doesn’t happen a lot, um, cheering at the games.Recognition also came after the competition. Sports scores and individual achievements werenoted on the morning announcements at school, leading to congratulatory remarks from peersthroughout the day. Another form <strong>of</strong> recognition which was particularly meaningful to Ana, anewcomer to organized sports, was earning her varsity letter jacket, which she wore proudly toschool.• Assessment. Throughout interviews, girls frequently assessed their or their team’sability in comparison to that <strong>of</strong> their teammates or competition. Girls who excelled intheir sport had a clear understanding <strong>of</strong> the extent <strong>of</strong> their skills and recognized thepivotal roles that they played on their respective teams.• Practice, practice, practice. Girls, especially the veteran sports participants,understood the importance <strong>of</strong> practice in order to achieve sports competence. Veteran
sports participants <strong>of</strong>ten selected athletics as their elective class in order to have extrapractice time and also stayed after school for <strong>of</strong>f-season “open gym” practice.Additionally, some coaches found opportunities for their players to hone their skills atformal sports camps during the summer.ConnectionHealthy development includes forming positive relationships with family, peers, and community(Lerner et al., 2000; Roth & Brooks-Gunn, 2000). Hispanic girls in this sample repeatedlydetailed how sports provided them opportunities to connect with friends and family. Thefollowing codes illustrate how organized sports can provide Hispanic girls a forum forConnection:• Peer relational connections. Peer relationships on and <strong>of</strong>f the field were repeatedlycited as a key feature <strong>of</strong> their sports participation. Organized sports appeared t<strong>of</strong>acilitate these Hispanic girls’ transition into the 9th-grade by providing them with asocial network <strong>of</strong> same-grade and upper-grade friends. For Sandra, who had notattended the middle school that feeds into the high school, this was true:At first it was kind <strong>of</strong> easy (making friends)… I got along with the volleyball team‘cause volleyball’s kind <strong>of</strong> right when you enter school, like. And then Laura, she wasreal like easy-going, you know. And so we just, I don’t know we just started alwaysbeing together. And we do stuff on the weekends and stuff.Mentoring-type relationships were sometimes formed between upper-grade varsity players and9th-grade girls in the same sport. These varsity players provided instruction and guidance tothe girls in addition to that <strong>of</strong> the head coach. Although Daniela was a veteran to organizedsports, she nonetheless appreciated the attention <strong>of</strong> senior team members:It’s not like upper class (10 th , 11 th , or 12 th grade) girls like, you know, think they’rebetter or whatever. It’s not like that. They’re real supportive. Like they try to helpyou, like in whatever you need…. And I think that was one <strong>of</strong> the things that made melike get a little bit better ‘cause a lot <strong>of</strong> the upper class girls like, they were like, “Ohno, you have to do it like this.” You know, they wouldn’t say it in a bad way. Theywould like, “Just try your best.”• Teamwork. On the playing field girls established and nurtured a special type <strong>of</strong>relational connection – Teamwork. Girls in this sample talked at length about thesports-related support and encouragement they received from their teammates on adaily basis. Teammate support was particularly important to girls who were new tosports and might need additional, external motivation to keep with a sport.Unfortunately, on a couple <strong>of</strong> the school sports teams, several girls quit early or midseasonleaving their teams scrambling to fill the void. Such events had a significantimpact on the sports experience <strong>of</strong> the remaining players. As described by Sandra,remaining players were keenly aware <strong>of</strong> the importance <strong>of</strong> being a dependableteammate as well as a good friend:Our first baseman left. …‘cause our coach is real hard on us. But I don’t think it’sright for them to leave the team. ‘Cause you know like, the girls on your team areyour friends, you know…. And when she left it was like, “Okay, now we don’t got n<strong>of</strong>irst baseman.” You know? Our pitcher, the one pitcher we did have, she left too
- Page 2 and 3:
Winter 2008Volume 3 Number 3Editor
- Page 5:
Examining the Potential Unintended
- Page 8 and 9:
centered, multidisciplinary approac
- Page 10 and 11:
Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Arti
- Page 12 and 13:
fostering skill learning and positi
- Page 14 and 15:
Table 1Participation in out-of-scho
- Page 16 and 17:
ResultsOur analyses were conducted
- Page 18 and 19:
watching TV, playing video games or
- Page 20 and 21:
Accordingly, this research augments
- Page 22 and 23:
Dotterer, A.M., McHale, S.M., & Cro
- Page 24 and 25: A Descriptive View of the 4-H Club
- Page 26 and 27: In this paper, the results of a cro
- Page 28 and 29: section is a set of statements that
- Page 30 and 31: Table 3Experience in the 4-H clubNo
- Page 32 and 33: significantly higher than Caucasian
- Page 34 and 35: p
- Page 36 and 37: This study focused only on the 4-H
- Page 38 and 39: Theokas, C., Lerner, J.V., Phelps,
- Page 40 and 41: Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Arti
- Page 42 and 43: potential for reaching audiences, d
- Page 44 and 45: Putting Marketing Concepts into Pra
- Page 46 and 47: 2. Find out what others think about
- Page 48 and 49: Diem, K.G. (1994). What do youth li
- Page 50 and 51: Promoting Supportive Relationships
- Page 52 and 53: focused on youth-adult relationship
- Page 54 and 55: Conversely, more modern educational
- Page 56 and 57: perhaps most importantly, the effic
- Page 58 and 59: Organized youth programs, when stru
- Page 60 and 61: likely to internalize the positive
- Page 62 and 63: Ellis, J.M., & Caldwell, L.L. (2005
- Page 64 and 65: Schweinle, A., Meyer, D.K., & Turne
- Page 66 and 67: Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Arti
- Page 68 and 69: This study uses the “5 Cs” mode
- Page 70 and 71: ResultsIn this analysis 48 codes we
- Page 72 and 73: Table 3Inductive Codes Classified b
- Page 76 and 77: ecause of him (the coach)…. You d
- Page 78 and 79: practices and competitions, the gir
- Page 80 and 81: Eccles, J.S., & Gootmann, J.A. (Eds
- Page 82 and 83: Smoll, F.L., & Smith, R.E. (2002).
- Page 84 and 85: Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Arti
- Page 86 and 87: The present work builds upon that o
- Page 88 and 89: MethodSample and Data CollectionAs
- Page 90 and 91: (scores ranging from 0 to 8) and a
- Page 92 and 93: Table 2Paired Sample T-tests Compar
- Page 94 and 95: Hypotheses 5 and 6 were tested by c
- Page 96 and 97: De Coverly Veale, D.M.W. (1987). Ex
- Page 98 and 99: Story, M., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Sh
- Page 100 and 101: Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Arti
- Page 102 and 103: Cronbach’s Alpha Score For Youth
- Page 104 and 105: 12 to 18 years old. Fourteen of the
- Page 106 and 107: Therefore, there was a mixed relati
- Page 108 and 109: Youth respondents identified two ob
- Page 110 and 111: are developed through working in a
- Page 112 and 113: Seevers, B.S., & Dormody, T.J. (199
- Page 114 and 115: Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Arti
- Page 116 and 117: With the many opportunities that yo
- Page 118 and 119: meaningfully reduced involving dedu
- Page 120 and 121: StaffingXTime/Schedule X X XTrainin
- Page 122 and 123: “Involving adults that will allow
- Page 124 and 125:
“They can't drive or do not have
- Page 126 and 127:
page in understanding why youth voi
- Page 128 and 129:
Parker, L. (1999). If all youth ser
- Page 130 and 131:
Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Arti
- Page 132 and 133:
However, the literature is mixed in
- Page 134 and 135:
group was the quality of the progra
- Page 136 and 137:
Table 1Reasons for Non-Attendance:
- Page 138 and 139:
easons given was six. Sixty-three p
- Page 140 and 141:
The non-family-related activities t
- Page 142 and 143:
“Catch ‘Em Being Good:”An Ext
- Page 144 and 145:
In 2001, the WVUES received a schoo
- Page 146 and 147:
to leverage the resources of the co
- Page 148 and 149:
4. Most primary behavior incidents
- Page 150 and 151:
Recommendations for developing prog
- Page 152 and 153:
Cross-Cultural UnderstandingThrough
- Page 154 and 155:
that plague these nations such as p
- Page 156 and 157:
2003). Youth leadership training in
- Page 158 and 159:
• enable these young people to pa
- Page 160 and 161:
We believe that the USPORT program
- Page 162 and 163:
West Virginia’s Response to theRo
- Page 164 and 165:
Ensuring good oral health requires
- Page 166 and 167:
Table 1Correlations between Planner
- Page 168 and 169:
problems in this rural state…This
- Page 170 and 171:
Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Arti
- Page 172 and 173:
vacuum. Determination of factors, a
- Page 174 and 175:
ReferencesBaldwin, C., & Caldwell,
- Page 176 and 177:
Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Arti
- Page 178 and 179:
Purpose of StudyThe purpose of this
- Page 180 and 181:
Students in the High computer gamin
- Page 182 and 183:
Do Higher Levels of 4-H LeadershipA
- Page 184 and 185:
IntroductionEmotional Intelligence
- Page 186 and 187:
second section examined demographic
- Page 188 and 189:
a constructive manner. The group is
- Page 190 and 191:
differences in the scores for the 1
- Page 192 and 193:
Adaptability include “Reality Tes
- Page 194 and 195:
ReferencesAmerican Academy of Pedia
- Page 196 and 197:
Healthy Kids, Healthy Families:A Co
- Page 198 and 199:
and a half million U.S. youth (ages
- Page 200 and 201:
Families. In partnering counties, p
- Page 202 and 203:
Healthy Families was then offered a
- Page 204 and 205:
Kamberelis, G., & Dimitriadis, G. (
- Page 206 and 207:
Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Arti
- Page 208 and 209:
Change It Up!What Girls Say About R
- Page 210:
In addition, the study summarizes t