«38Fig. 67.is placed the negative IV. the image <strong>of</strong> which is caught up by the lens L.(which should be <strong>of</strong> wide diameter or portrait combination) <strong>and</strong> transmittedto the bromide paper. <strong>The</strong> ordinary camera with its backplaced to the front <strong>of</strong> the <strong>lantern</strong> will answer the same purpose,providing the lens is <strong>of</strong> a portrait combination, the negative beingplaced in frame, usually holding the focussing glass, the ground glassbeing behind. <strong>The</strong> ingenuity <strong>of</strong> the worker can make up a rough boxto hold the ground glass <strong>and</strong> lens, <strong>and</strong> if the <strong>lantern</strong> is not procurablepossibly a magnesium lamp would answer as well, not having tried thiswe cannot say.Development.—Formulae are generally given with the enlargingEikonogen gives very good tonespaper, ferrous oxalate is the favourite.with most papers.SLIDEMAKING.To dispel the error so <strong>of</strong>ten nursed by amateurs, we at once state thatthe slides produced by the large photographic publishers are not madeon any commercial plate, that they are produced on plates <strong>of</strong> a certainprocess, as collodion, albumen, &c., is a well known fact, but the methods<strong>and</strong> formulae <strong>of</strong> working are kept sub rosa, <strong>and</strong> for an amateur to expectto produce the same results from commercial plates or plates he mayhave made himself is perhaps to expect too much ; the constant use <strong>of</strong>a certain process in making thous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> slides, opens up many a field<strong>of</strong> discovery impossible to the average amateur. We do not imply thatamateurs do not produce equal results, <strong>and</strong> in particular cases superiorpictures have been produced in comparison ; it is the rule to take theaverage, <strong>and</strong> we do the same, the art is seen in taking any negative, beit good, bad, or indifferent, <strong>and</strong> producing slides uniform in result ;thisis just what the pr<strong>of</strong>essional slide maker has to do. <strong>The</strong> introduction <strong>of</strong>commercial plates has been a boon to the <strong>lantern</strong>ist there is no doubt,but taken as a whole it has deteriorated the quality <strong>of</strong> a <strong>lantern</strong>exhibition, those who have stood by the wet collodion process obtain
—139on an average far superior results than those who use the general <strong>lantern</strong>plate, take the thous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> slides produced on these plates, how manywill come up to the equal <strong>of</strong> G. W. W's views, or a good albumenpicture? yet, out <strong>of</strong> goodness <strong>of</strong> heart any amateur will <strong>of</strong>fer to makeslides for a public exhibition. We were lather struck with the remarkmade recently by a friend when complaining to him <strong>of</strong> the mistake inshowing such poor results to a public audience. Why, they must be thebest, they were made on so <strong>and</strong> so (mentioning the plate-maker's name)plates, when informed that the best results were obtained by photographers,whose methods <strong>of</strong> working are only known to themselves, heappeared quite surprised ;all this is stated with good intent, not fromany motive to place pr<strong>of</strong>essional slide makers against amateurs, becauseas before mentioned, some <strong>of</strong> the best pictures in competition have beenmade by amateurs, these are artists <strong>and</strong> men who make it their solehobby <strong>and</strong> study, <strong>and</strong> spare no expense; to the average amateur thiswould notapply.A Perfect Slide should be as s<strong>of</strong>t <strong>and</strong> distinct as a pro<strong>of</strong> engraving,with gradations <strong>and</strong> shadows, no part opaque or shadowless, when onthe screen it should st<strong>and</strong> out as a steel engraving, not black <strong>and</strong> whitelike so much soot <strong>and</strong> whitewash, but with gradation in the shadows,which are perfectly transparent, with the white portions perfectly clear,the tonesomething between a blue violet <strong>and</strong> a black.Choose a good br<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> plates, <strong>and</strong> keep to them, remembering arolling stone gathers no moss, as a rule there is more in a plate than isgenerally got out <strong>of</strong> it by the average amateur, each make <strong>of</strong> plate hassome principal characteristic, it may be in the developer or elsewhere,<strong>of</strong> course, slides cannot be tried or tested without a <strong>lantern</strong> at h<strong>and</strong>, itis difficult to tell at first whether the correct density or detail have beenobtained without putting them through the <strong>lantern</strong> ;the density must beregulated to suit the luminosity <strong>of</strong> the light—be it oil or limelight,<strong>and</strong> under no conditions aim at getting a black <strong>and</strong> white picture, sothat when the slide is on the screen, it gives the idea <strong>of</strong> snow onaccount <strong>of</strong> the high lights being too transparent. Nothing is moremonotonous than to have a series <strong>of</strong> slides pass through a <strong>lantern</strong> withevery one black <strong>and</strong> white, as the uninitiated <strong>of</strong>ten exclaim : it looksall winter; there should be gradations <strong>and</strong> degrees <strong>of</strong> tone, a slideshould never be toned red or brown.Slides are made by two methods:By Contact, that is by placing the <strong>lantern</strong> plate in contact with
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THEPROJECTIO,MA GIC LANTERN MANUAL
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OCSBLIBRAPY
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..INDEXA.Adjustment of a JclAlumini
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—increased by the aid of a powerf
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far back as 1811. Lanterns of the a
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mixadvisable to have a mahogany, or
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8A condenser can only take those ra
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There is a considerable difference
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12occasions, it is only necessary t
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14Triplexicon was first made it was
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i6aid of two screws. The two slots
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perfection, combustion, and purity,
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20back of lantern, in that case the
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sumed, the flow should be adjusted
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24which is passed over the rod, and
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26gases to be shut off without dist
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28made in their get up. We have nev
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3tserve to distribute the same to t
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(V>ao—IH
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;33the thing a study, and used such
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V>-is:a
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35who designed the body of this lan
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37far back but equally flat to the
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39ceding one, therefore giving grea
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4tthe same as they do, in fact it i
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—43reducing same as low as possib
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45With all three discs, as coincide
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47and the slides may be placed in a
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49inch and inch and-a-half screws,
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SIshowing, gently push back the cov
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53sun rising and illuminating the p
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55large slides it was necessary to
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57A. Is a right angle prism, being
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59small diameter as through an obje
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—6isize of disc can be produced.
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—63COMPRESSED GASES.Compressed ga
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6sNO DANGER WITH GAS CYLINDERS,OR B
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"67valves are of little use as a me
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69to reach our compressors without
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——71ascertain their bursting po
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—73bottles black, and hydrogen (o
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;Having blown through every tube to
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77controlling the flow of compresse
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79The Duplex.—The chieffeaturecon
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—8icarries the gas to the orifice
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83the above-mentioned tube, whilst
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8sTable for Ascertaining the Quanti
- Page 101 and 102: 87On no account use two separate bo
- Page 103 and 104: 89virtue, and if required to be use
- Page 105 and 106: 91In finishing up, turn out the hgh
- Page 107 and 108: 93good support in one sense— but
- Page 109 and 110: 95another takes its place without a
- Page 111 and 112: 97opposite side to that which he is
- Page 113 and 114: 99without doubt, this is the only t
- Page 115 and 116: lOIFig 56.SCREEN FRAMES.Considerabl
- Page 117 and 118: I03and hauled up. The pulley blocks
- Page 119 and 120: PRACTICAL HINTS TO INTENDING LECTUR
- Page 121 and 122: 107as well as the lecturer, a syste
- Page 123 and 124: 109Fig. 57- Fig. 58.READING LAMP.A
- Page 125 and 126: oils have to be substituted simply
- Page 127 and 128: 1^3Fig. 54.A cheap but none the les
- Page 129 and 130: 115Directions.— Having thoroughly
- Page 131 and 132: 117objectives which will not give s
- Page 133 and 134: 119is immersed, then as the water e
- Page 135 and 136: 12Ireadily splits up by cleavage) a
- Page 137 and 138: 123particular kind of structure und
- Page 139 and 140: 125the complementary colour to red
- Page 141 and 142: 127of a combined microscope and pol
- Page 143 and 144: 129without this defect is well nigh
- Page 145 and 146: 131diameter, and focus, the general
- Page 147 and 148: 133The loss of light is not so grea
- Page 149 and 150: 135cheap as circular pattern, but t
- Page 151: ^37A variety of subjects may be tre
- Page 155 and 156: —141development, immerse in the f
- Page 157 and 158: 143Hydrokinone.Solution I. Solution
- Page 159 and 160: —145Add r drop of solution of Bro
- Page 161 and 162: 147crystal varnish, some red sable
- Page 163 and 164: 149boiled oil to the medium. Perfec
- Page 165 and 166: ;151sienna to impart warmth without
- Page 167 and 168: iS3front glass injuring the paintin
- Page 169 and 170: 155Fig 73-Fig 74.handle to which th
- Page 171 and 172: ;157follows :—one end of the fram
- Page 173 and 174: 159on any slide providing it is dar
- Page 175 and 176: i6iTrough, which consists of two gl
- Page 177 and 178: —i63It is advisable to fill the t
- Page 179 and 180: i65matter on the surface of the pur
- Page 181 and 182: —167planation we have indicated i
- Page 183 and 184: 169single light box is very mislead
- Page 185 and 186: ADVERTISEMENTS.
- Page 187 and 188: ADVERTISEMENTS. 173HAZELL, WATSON,
- Page 189 and 190: ADVERTISEMENTS.I75Brilliant Effect.
- Page 191 and 192: ;ADVERTISEMENTS.ILIFFE & SOIL'SP HO
- Page 193 and 194: ADVERTISEMENTS. 179ENORMOUS SUCCESS
- Page 195 and 196: ADVERTISEMENTS.HUGHES' NEW PATTERN
- Page 197 and 198: ADVERTISEMENTS. 183RussianJronJLamp
- Page 199 and 200: TheADVERTISEMENTS. 185THE GRIND BIU
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THE MINIATURE MALDEN TRIPLE.HUGHES'
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No. 1 Lantern.THE: UNIVERSALMAGICLA
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!ADVERTISEM ENTS.Hughes' Special Pa
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:ADVERTISEMENTS. 191To Lecturers an
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ADVERT iSF.MENTS.1^3I^ ANTERNNEGATI
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ENGLANDSLANTERNAREPLATESUNSURPASSED
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A 000 618 714