—;140the negative, the films <strong>of</strong> the latter <strong>and</strong> the <strong>lantern</strong> plate touching, thisall being done in a printing frame, similar to paper printing, <strong>of</strong> course, ifthe whole <strong>of</strong> the picture is required to be brought into the slide, thenegative must be a ^-plate, but if the negative be <strong>of</strong> a larger size, aportion only <strong>of</strong> it may be used by this method, but the whole may betaken in.By Reducing ina Camera.—By this means, the whole or portion<strong>of</strong> a negative may be reproduced as a slide, when the whole <strong>of</strong> a largenegative is reduced on to a plate 3J + 3^, it makes a very awkwardpicture, being neither a circle or a square, <strong>and</strong> it is <strong>of</strong>ten advisable tosacrifice the sides or use only the most effective portion <strong>of</strong> thenegative, thus obtaining a cushion or circular picture. Those who cangive the time to making <strong>of</strong> <strong>lantern</strong> slides by reduction, obtain manyadvantages over those produced by contact, the former can only be doneeffectually with day-light.Gelatine Bromide Plates.—Whatever are the quahties, advantages,<strong>and</strong> disadvantages, it is pretty certain that this is the processmostly used by others than those who make a business <strong>of</strong> slide makingit is by no means easy to secure a thoroughly clear gelatine film withthis class <strong>of</strong> plates, the pictures taking unsightly colours under variouscircumstances—as a brick red to a dirty green, but the facility <strong>of</strong> productioncompensates for the lack <strong>of</strong> quality.Each br<strong>and</strong> will be found to have its especial particularities, <strong>and</strong> yielddifferent results under various developers —some more than othersyielding warm tones, others a greenish grey ; in some, the developmentis required to be pushed much beyond the limit as it were, the imageshould commence to make its appearance some 20 to 30 seconds fromthe application <strong>of</strong> the developer, the same length <strong>of</strong> time will require tobring the slide up to itsproper density, when the details should be visible,at this point development seems to be at a st<strong>and</strong> still, thus, if the slidehas had the correct exposure, it may well be reckoned to turn out agood one. If on the contrary the picture seems to lag, <strong>and</strong> when it doesappear, high lights <strong>and</strong> shadows follow each other in rapid succession, itis pretty certain to be foggy <strong>and</strong> stained. Some plates when they havereached the culminating point in development, have still to be forceduntil the detail is gone, when this is fixed in the soda it will be foundallright.If warm or redish tones are required, it is easily obtained by a pyrodeveloper <strong>and</strong> ammonia, shorten the exposure <strong>and</strong> lengthen the
—141development, immerse in the fixing bath into which has been placeda few drops <strong>of</strong> ammonia. It is as well at all times to immerse the plateafter fixing in a bath <strong>of</strong> saturated solution <strong>of</strong> alum <strong>and</strong> citric acid, ithardens <strong>and</strong> clears the film <strong>of</strong> the yellow stains, well wash the plates inplenty <strong>of</strong> running water, <strong>and</strong> before putting aside to dry, rub the filmside under running water with a piece <strong>of</strong> cotton wool.<strong>The</strong> methods <strong>of</strong> development are numerous, <strong>and</strong> the formula generallyrecommended by the maker <strong>of</strong> the plates is most to be relied upon, thatis our experience, with most br<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> plates, for clear highlights withblack tones in the shadows the following hydroquinone developer hasbeen found to answer admirably with all plates :No. I. Hydroquinone i6o grains.„ Bromide Potassium - - - 3° >•„ Sulphite Soda 2 oz. avdps.,, Water to 20 oz.No. 2. Soda Hydrate 100 grains.„ Water to - - - - - - 20 oz.For use take equal parts <strong>of</strong> each.A long exposure <strong>and</strong> a weak developer (one used several times)reduces the sooty <strong>and</strong> whitewash appearance in a slide made from ahard negative.DEVELOPERS.Both with quinol, hydroquinone, <strong>and</strong> eikonogen, we have a latitudefor a variety <strong>of</strong> tones, with a normal exposure a black or grey tone isobtained, with under exposure <strong>and</strong> prolonged development, warmerqualities are obtained ; we cannot say we are admirers <strong>of</strong> this tone.Greater scope is given in this direction by using a pyro developer.Amidol is put up in cartridge shape tubes ready for use, it is veryclean <strong>and</strong> convenient ; like eikonogen, we have found it lacking thecontrasts <strong>of</strong> other developers, a plate may be started with this, then wash<strong>and</strong> finish with hydroquinone.Quinol, with a carbonate, will give good grey <strong>and</strong> black tones, butnot purple or brown ; it acts very similar to ferrous oxalate, but is farsuperior in many respects.Eikonogen will render greyish tones, <strong>and</strong> when used in cartridgeswith the alkali already prepared is very h<strong>and</strong>y, but does not commenditself as others in our h<strong>and</strong>s.
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THEPROJECTIO,MA GIC LANTERN MANUAL
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OCSBLIBRAPY
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..INDEXA.Adjustment of a JclAlumini
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—increased by the aid of a powerf
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far back as 1811. Lanterns of the a
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mixadvisable to have a mahogany, or
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8A condenser can only take those ra
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There is a considerable difference
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12occasions, it is only necessary t
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14Triplexicon was first made it was
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i6aid of two screws. The two slots
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perfection, combustion, and purity,
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20back of lantern, in that case the
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sumed, the flow should be adjusted
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24which is passed over the rod, and
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26gases to be shut off without dist
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28made in their get up. We have nev
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3tserve to distribute the same to t
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(V>ao—IH
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;33the thing a study, and used such
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V>-is:a
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35who designed the body of this lan
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37far back but equally flat to the
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39ceding one, therefore giving grea
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4tthe same as they do, in fact it i
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—43reducing same as low as possib
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45With all three discs, as coincide
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47and the slides may be placed in a
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49inch and inch and-a-half screws,
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SIshowing, gently push back the cov
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53sun rising and illuminating the p
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55large slides it was necessary to
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57A. Is a right angle prism, being
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59small diameter as through an obje
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—6isize of disc can be produced.
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—63COMPRESSED GASES.Compressed ga
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6sNO DANGER WITH GAS CYLINDERS,OR B
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"67valves are of little use as a me
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69to reach our compressors without
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——71ascertain their bursting po
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—73bottles black, and hydrogen (o
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;Having blown through every tube to
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77controlling the flow of compresse
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79The Duplex.—The chieffeaturecon
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—8icarries the gas to the orifice
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83the above-mentioned tube, whilst
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8sTable for Ascertaining the Quanti
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87On no account use two separate bo
- Page 103 and 104: 89virtue, and if required to be use
- Page 105 and 106: 91In finishing up, turn out the hgh
- Page 107 and 108: 93good support in one sense— but
- Page 109 and 110: 95another takes its place without a
- Page 111 and 112: 97opposite side to that which he is
- Page 113 and 114: 99without doubt, this is the only t
- Page 115 and 116: lOIFig 56.SCREEN FRAMES.Considerabl
- Page 117 and 118: I03and hauled up. The pulley blocks
- Page 119 and 120: PRACTICAL HINTS TO INTENDING LECTUR
- Page 121 and 122: 107as well as the lecturer, a syste
- Page 123 and 124: 109Fig. 57- Fig. 58.READING LAMP.A
- Page 125 and 126: oils have to be substituted simply
- Page 127 and 128: 1^3Fig. 54.A cheap but none the les
- Page 129 and 130: 115Directions.— Having thoroughly
- Page 131 and 132: 117objectives which will not give s
- Page 133 and 134: 119is immersed, then as the water e
- Page 135 and 136: 12Ireadily splits up by cleavage) a
- Page 137 and 138: 123particular kind of structure und
- Page 139 and 140: 125the complementary colour to red
- Page 141 and 142: 127of a combined microscope and pol
- Page 143 and 144: 129without this defect is well nigh
- Page 145 and 146: 131diameter, and focus, the general
- Page 147 and 148: 133The loss of light is not so grea
- Page 149 and 150: 135cheap as circular pattern, but t
- Page 151 and 152: ^37A variety of subjects may be tre
- Page 153: —139on an average far superior re
- Page 157 and 158: 143Hydrokinone.Solution I. Solution
- Page 159 and 160: —145Add r drop of solution of Bro
- Page 161 and 162: 147crystal varnish, some red sable
- Page 163 and 164: 149boiled oil to the medium. Perfec
- Page 165 and 166: ;151sienna to impart warmth without
- Page 167 and 168: iS3front glass injuring the paintin
- Page 169 and 170: 155Fig 73-Fig 74.handle to which th
- Page 171 and 172: ;157follows :—one end of the fram
- Page 173 and 174: 159on any slide providing it is dar
- Page 175 and 176: i6iTrough, which consists of two gl
- Page 177 and 178: —i63It is advisable to fill the t
- Page 179 and 180: i65matter on the surface of the pur
- Page 181 and 182: —167planation we have indicated i
- Page 183 and 184: 169single light box is very mislead
- Page 185 and 186: ADVERTISEMENTS.
- Page 187 and 188: ADVERTISEMENTS. 173HAZELL, WATSON,
- Page 189 and 190: ADVERTISEMENTS.I75Brilliant Effect.
- Page 191 and 192: ;ADVERTISEMENTS.ILIFFE & SOIL'SP HO
- Page 193 and 194: ADVERTISEMENTS. 179ENORMOUS SUCCESS
- Page 195 and 196: ADVERTISEMENTS.HUGHES' NEW PATTERN
- Page 197 and 198: ADVERTISEMENTS. 183RussianJronJLamp
- Page 199 and 200: TheADVERTISEMENTS. 185THE GRIND BIU
- Page 201 and 202: nothingADVF.RTISE^[E^TS.iS7HUGHES'H
- Page 203 and 204: THE MINIATURE MALDEN TRIPLE.HUGHES'
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No. 1 Lantern.THE: UNIVERSALMAGICLA
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!ADVERTISEM ENTS.Hughes' Special Pa
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:ADVERTISEMENTS. 191To Lecturers an
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ADVERT iSF.MENTS.1^3I^ ANTERNNEGATI
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ENGLANDSLANTERNAREPLATESUNSURPASSED
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A 000 618 714