76village hj is destined for, is <strong>of</strong> a poor illuminating power. Whennecessary to make hydrogen gas, a hydrogen generator, <strong>and</strong> purifier, arenecessary. <strong>The</strong> generator must be made <strong>of</strong> lead, this metal being nonaffectedby the acid. It is necessary to use a purifier as for oxygen gasmakingbut do not use the same for both purposes. Keep them separateby a distinctive mark, connect with rubber tubing in like manner as foroxygen, the generator bent tube to the perpendicular tube <strong>of</strong> the washbottle.<strong>The</strong> top is unscrewed <strong>of</strong> the leaden generator, <strong>and</strong> granulated zincintroduced, covering the generator bottom to the depth <strong>of</strong> about two inchestlie top containing the tubes should be screwed into its place, the leadenfunnel placed into the long perpendicular tube, <strong>and</strong> sufficient waterintroduced to cover the zinc to the depth <strong>of</strong> about three inches, or influid measure, about two pints, Sulphuric acid (commercial oil <strong>of</strong> vitriol)should next be introduced in small quantities through the samepipe, about a gill at the time, when a rapid evolution <strong>of</strong> gas takes place.Now, the substances which have been put into the generator willact upon one another, <strong>and</strong> the hydrogen is set free, <strong>and</strong> escapes.If water were not us^ed, hydrogen gas would not be given <strong>of</strong>f freely.When sufficient <strong>of</strong> the gas has passed over to expel the air in the generator<strong>and</strong> purifier, the connection should be made to the bag, thisprecaution must not be overlooked in making hydrogen gas.It is betterto waste a little gas than allow common air to mix with this gas, as thetwo mixed together form an explosive mixture.After a time the evolution<strong>of</strong> the gas declines, when fresh vitriol should be poured through the funnel.<strong>The</strong>re is a point at which the acid will not restore the action, then thetop containing the tubes is unscrewed, the fluid only thrown away, asthe hydrogen properties <strong>of</strong> the water are used up, introduce fresh waterinto the generator, as before, then the vitriol. When sufficient gas isobtained, wash out leaden vessel, throwing away the liquid, as it is <strong>of</strong> n<strong>of</strong>urther use, the zinc may be preserved for future operations.Granulated zinc, if not obtainable is made in the following manner.First melt some zinc, when it is melted, pour it into cold water, it isthen granulated, or strips <strong>of</strong> sheet zinc cut small may be employed.Sulphuric acid, or commercial oil <strong>of</strong> vitriol, is obtainable very cheaply,care should be taken to keep it <strong>of</strong>f the clothes <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong>s, it being <strong>of</strong> avery destructive nature.REGULATORS.In using a triple or biunial <strong>lantern</strong> these are necessary adjuncts for
77controlling the flow <strong>of</strong> compressed gas to the jets.With a single <strong>lantern</strong>it is possible to use the gas direct from the cylinder by regulating theamount <strong>of</strong> gas at the valve <strong>of</strong> the cylinder itself, this will need some littleexperience at first, but after a time it becomes much simpler, care mustbe taken not to emit more gas than the jet consumes, or the rubbertubes will be blown <strong>of</strong>f. A novice should use a regulator, even for asingle jet, as it obviates all risk <strong>of</strong> this happening. <strong>The</strong> reason for notusing the gas direct from the cylinder for two or more <strong>lantern</strong>s, is thatwhen the valve <strong>of</strong> the cylinder is adjusted for the supply to one <strong>lantern</strong>,it is inadequate for two. If on the other h<strong>and</strong>, the gas be adjusted fortwo or more jets, <strong>and</strong> one jet alone is burning, the supply is so greatly inexcess <strong>of</strong> the consumption, that the tubes are blown <strong>of</strong>f, or the lightitself is blown out, if the oxygen is in excess. To prevent these difficulties,a regulator is used to control the pressure, the general principlebeing that, when the flow <strong>of</strong> gas is in excess <strong>of</strong> the requirements, a smallrubber bag, situated inside the regulator is filled with the gas, whichthereby automatically closes the orifice from wherever the gas issues.<strong>The</strong>re are several Regulators at present on the market :—Beards'Regulator, the Rubber Wedge shape, the Duplex <strong>and</strong> Reliable, <strong>and</strong>recently a regulator on the principle <strong>of</strong> the first mentioned, with thedifference that the bag, instead <strong>of</strong> being rubber, is <strong>of</strong> spun metal.IFig. 38.Beard's Regulator consists <strong>of</strong> a small rubber bag <strong>of</strong> cylindricalshape, fig 38, corrugated as a bellows or camera body, C, the top <strong>of</strong>
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THEPROJECTIO,MA GIC LANTERN MANUAL
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OCSBLIBRAPY
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..INDEXA.Adjustment of a JclAlumini
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—increased by the aid of a powerf
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far back as 1811. Lanterns of the a
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mixadvisable to have a mahogany, or
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8A condenser can only take those ra
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There is a considerable difference
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12occasions, it is only necessary t
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14Triplexicon was first made it was
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i6aid of two screws. The two slots
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perfection, combustion, and purity,
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20back of lantern, in that case the
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sumed, the flow should be adjusted
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24which is passed over the rod, and
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26gases to be shut off without dist
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28made in their get up. We have nev
- Page 41 and 42: 3tserve to distribute the same to t
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- Page 45 and 46: ;33the thing a study, and used such
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- Page 49 and 50: 35who designed the body of this lan
- Page 51 and 52: 37far back but equally flat to the
- Page 53 and 54: 39ceding one, therefore giving grea
- Page 55 and 56: 4tthe same as they do, in fact it i
- Page 57 and 58: —43reducing same as low as possib
- Page 59 and 60: 45With all three discs, as coincide
- Page 61 and 62: 47and the slides may be placed in a
- Page 63 and 64: 49inch and inch and-a-half screws,
- Page 65 and 66: SIshowing, gently push back the cov
- Page 67 and 68: 53sun rising and illuminating the p
- Page 69 and 70: 55large slides it was necessary to
- Page 71 and 72: 57A. Is a right angle prism, being
- Page 73 and 74: 59small diameter as through an obje
- Page 75 and 76: —6isize of disc can be produced.
- Page 77 and 78: —63COMPRESSED GASES.Compressed ga
- Page 79 and 80: 6sNO DANGER WITH GAS CYLINDERS,OR B
- Page 81 and 82: "67valves are of little use as a me
- Page 83 and 84: 69to reach our compressors without
- Page 85 and 86: ——71ascertain their bursting po
- Page 87 and 88: —73bottles black, and hydrogen (o
- Page 89: ;Having blown through every tube to
- Page 93 and 94: 79The Duplex.—The chieffeaturecon
- Page 95 and 96: —8icarries the gas to the orifice
- Page 97 and 98: 83the above-mentioned tube, whilst
- Page 99 and 100: 8sTable for Ascertaining the Quanti
- Page 101 and 102: 87On no account use two separate bo
- Page 103 and 104: 89virtue, and if required to be use
- Page 105 and 106: 91In finishing up, turn out the hgh
- Page 107 and 108: 93good support in one sense— but
- Page 109 and 110: 95another takes its place without a
- Page 111 and 112: 97opposite side to that which he is
- Page 113 and 114: 99without doubt, this is the only t
- Page 115 and 116: lOIFig 56.SCREEN FRAMES.Considerabl
- Page 117 and 118: I03and hauled up. The pulley blocks
- Page 119 and 120: PRACTICAL HINTS TO INTENDING LECTUR
- Page 121 and 122: 107as well as the lecturer, a syste
- Page 123 and 124: 109Fig. 57- Fig. 58.READING LAMP.A
- Page 125 and 126: oils have to be substituted simply
- Page 127 and 128: 1^3Fig. 54.A cheap but none the les
- Page 129 and 130: 115Directions.— Having thoroughly
- Page 131 and 132: 117objectives which will not give s
- Page 133 and 134: 119is immersed, then as the water e
- Page 135 and 136: 12Ireadily splits up by cleavage) a
- Page 137 and 138: 123particular kind of structure und
- Page 139 and 140: 125the complementary colour to red
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127of a combined microscope and pol
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129without this defect is well nigh
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131diameter, and focus, the general
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133The loss of light is not so grea
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135cheap as circular pattern, but t
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^37A variety of subjects may be tre
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—139on an average far superior re
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—141development, immerse in the f
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143Hydrokinone.Solution I. Solution
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—145Add r drop of solution of Bro
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147crystal varnish, some red sable
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149boiled oil to the medium. Perfec
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;151sienna to impart warmth without
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iS3front glass injuring the paintin
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155Fig 73-Fig 74.handle to which th
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;157follows :—one end of the fram
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159on any slide providing it is dar
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i6iTrough, which consists of two gl
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—i63It is advisable to fill the t
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i65matter on the surface of the pur
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—167planation we have indicated i
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169single light box is very mislead
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ADVERTISEMENTS.
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ADVERTISEMENTS. 173HAZELL, WATSON,
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ADVERTISEMENTS.I75Brilliant Effect.
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;ADVERTISEMENTS.ILIFFE & SOIL'SP HO
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ADVERTISEMENTS. 179ENORMOUS SUCCESS
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ADVERTISEMENTS.HUGHES' NEW PATTERN
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ADVERTISEMENTS. 183RussianJronJLamp
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TheADVERTISEMENTS. 185THE GRIND BIU
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nothingADVF.RTISE^[E^TS.iS7HUGHES'H
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THE MINIATURE MALDEN TRIPLE.HUGHES'
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No. 1 Lantern.THE: UNIVERSALMAGICLA
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!ADVERTISEM ENTS.Hughes' Special Pa
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:ADVERTISEMENTS. 191To Lecturers an
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ADVERT iSF.MENTS.1^3I^ ANTERNNEGATI
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ENGLANDSLANTERNAREPLATESUNSURPASSED
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A 000 618 714