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Nexus between Human Development and HIV/AIDS“AIDS is devastatingin terms of creatingand deepening poverty,reversing achievementsin education anddiverting meagre healthbudgets away fromother priorities. And bycutting deep into allsectors of society,HIV/AIDS underminesvital economic growth:”Mark Malloch Brown,UNDP Administrator,African Developmentorum, December 2000Chapter 2Nexus between HumanDevelopment and HIV/AIDS2.1 IntroductionThis chapter brings out the mutuallyreinforcing relationship between thevulnerability to HIV and the persistenceof human deprivation and the manner inwhich the HIV/AIDS epidemic shapes,and is, in turn, shaped by the patterns ofdevelopment in South Asia. “Thesituation is worst in regions and countrieswhere poverty is extensive, genderinequality is pervasive, and public servicesare weak. In fact, the spread of HIV/AIDSat the turn of the twenty-first century is asign of maldevelopment-an indicatorof the failure to create more equitableand prosperous societies over large partsof the world.” 1Conventionally, the analyses of theepidemic and human development inSouth Asia have been done in a segregatedmanner. The former has focusedprimarily on the identification ofvulnerable groups, seropositivityestimates and concomitant socioeconomicprofiles of ‘people at risk’. TheHDRs, for their part, have analysedliteracy, vital statistics and indicators ofincome, employment and poverty,albeit within an integrated framework.There is, however, a growingrecognition that HIV/AIDS is not just ahealth issue but a fundamental issueunderlying the sustainability of humandevelopment. This has widened the scopeof the present discourse.2.1.1 Status and trends ofHIV/AIDS and humandevelopment in South AsiaWhere do the countries in the region rankin terms of development achievements?Tables 2.1 and 2.2 shed light on some of thecomponents of HDI, and HIV prevalence.There appears to be considerablevariation in achievement, in terms ofaggregate indicators such as the HDI andGDI and in individual components ofHDI, across even this small group of ninecountries. Sri Lanka, Maldives and Iranare at the upper end of the spectrum, withIndia in the middle and the others(Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan)at the lower end.The same appears to hold true for SouthAsia’s economic indicators such as theproportion of population living below theinternational poverty line of $1 (1993PPP), with the exception of Sri Lanka.These already low levels of developmentindicators are likely to be furtheraffected by HIV, with recent gains indevelopment reversed.Table T1 (see Technical Note B) highlightschanges in some of the indicators ofhuman development in the last twoRegional Human Development ReportHIV/AIDS and Development in South Asia 2003 15
Nexus between Human Development and HIV/AIDSTable 2.1Human development and HIV/AIDS in South Asia (by country)Country HDI Gender Development Index HIV PLWHA as a(GDI)prevalence proportion ofValue Rank # Value Rank * (in nos.)population2000 2001 2001 (15–49 years)(per cent)Afghanistan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.Bangladesh 0.478 145 0.468 121 13,000
Page 1 and 2: It is now well accepted that HIV/AI
Page 3 and 4: © United Nations Development Progr
Page 5 and 6: OverviewGlobally, the Human Develop
Page 7 and 8: AcknowledgementsCombating HIV/AIDS
Page 9 and 10: The TeamHDRC: K. Seeta Prabhu, Sura
Page 11 and 12: ContentsCHAPTER 1Introduction1.1 Th
Page 13 and 14: Contents3.2 African AIDS is not a s
Page 15 and 16: GlossaryAIDSAcquired Immuno-deficie
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The HIV/AIDS Epidemics of South Asi
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDS“An impo
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSincrease t
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSsupport an
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.3Sti
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.5Bad
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSnumber of
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSnegotiate
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.6Ind
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSTable 4.2I
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSsociety in
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSReforms co
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSSource: WH
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.12Me
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSclients an
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSand develo
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSparticular
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSTable 4.5S
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.16Th
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.17Hu
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSnuisance.
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSand autono
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The Way orwardRegional Human Develo
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The Way orward“The social andpoli
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The Way orwardis not a desirable on
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The Way orwarddevelopment, divert s
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The Way orwardProviding ARV treatme
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The Way orward5.5 Adolescent Sexual
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The Way orwardwomen’s lives are t
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The Way orwardcomprehensive guidanc
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The Way orwardInvolving religious l
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The Way orwardconcerns and extended
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The Way orwardlInvolvement of gover
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The Way orwardfor people who are an
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Endnotes17 Bandhu, 200218 UNAIDS/WH
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Endnotes56 Pradhan, 199857 Malla, 2
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Endnoteson Economic, Social and Cul
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Annexure IRegional Human Developmen
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Annexure ICountry Treaty Concluding
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Annexure IAnnexure IIInternational
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Technical Note - ATechnical Note -
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Technical Note - A(EDEP) is calcula
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Technical Note - Bvalue is to the u
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Technical Note - Bsubstantial degre
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Technical Note - Bthe rate of growt
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Technical Note - BThe full list of
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Technical Note - B(13) H =(α∗ρ
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Technical Note - BTable T1Human dev
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Technical Note - BTable T3(b)HIV/AI
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Technical Note - BTable T7HIV/AIDS
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Technical Note - BDominican Republi
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Statistical TablesStatistical Table
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Statistical TablesTable 3Profile of
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Statistical TablesRegional Human De
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Country act SheetsRegional Human De
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Country act SheetsBANGLADESHIndicat
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Country act SheetsINDIAIndicator Ye
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Country act SheetsMALDIVESIndicator
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Country act SheetsPAKISTANIndicator
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Country act SheetsRegional Human De
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