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AcknowledgementsJai Narain, Subhash Hira from WHO,South-East Asia Regional Office (SEARO)and Roma Bhattacharjea from UNDP,Sub-Regional Resource Facility (SURF),Kathmandu, deserve special thanks.The Asia Pacific Regional HumanDevelopment Reports Initiative andREACH Beyond Borders Programme,both hosted by the Government of India,New Delhi, have in the course ofpreparation of this Report benefitedfrom the continuous advice and supportof Meenakshi Datta Ghosh and herteam from National AIDS ControlOrganisation, India.This Report would not have been possiblewithout the contribution, support andencouragement from a large number ofpeople and institutions. Theircontribution is acknowledged without inany way making them responsible for thecontents. The guidance of the membersof the Advisory and TechnicalCommittees is gratefully acknowledged.Thanks to all the resource persons andinstitutions who contributed backgroundpapers. Special thanks are due to EileenStillwaggon and Robert Cassen for theirintellectual guidance that helped sharpenthe perspectives in the Report.The process of preparing this Report wasas fruitful as the end product. Theparticipants at the regional NGOconsultation at Goa enriched the contentsof the Report and provided a grass-rootsperspective of activists and people livingwith HIV/AIDS. We wish to put onrecord our appreciation of Caitlin Wiesenand the CSO Division for there supportof the partnership initiatives, and ofIshwar Shrestha, Sharmini Boyle,U. Nobokishore Singh, Rohan Edrisinha,Gunjan Sharma, Shyamala Ashok, BitraGeorge, Elizabeth Sivakumar, Priya Dias,John Pinheiro, Prakash Nadkarni, MariottCorrea, Sangita Sonak, Ashwin Tombatand Sabina Martin. We wish toacknowledge the following groups andnetworks of people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA) in South Asia for deepening ourknowledge and analysis: Asia PacificNetwork of PLWHA (APN+), IndianNetwork for PLWHA (INP+), PositiveWomen Network of South India (PWN+),En-Joy, Affected Infected Women’sAssociation in Churachandpur (AIWAC),Nepal Plus, Makwanur Group of Infectedand Affected women, Lanka+, Ashar AloSociety and New Light AIDS ControlAction Awareness Group.Draft versions of the Report were sharedwith several experts whose feedback isacknowledged. We would particularly liketo mention Michael Hahn, P.L. Joshi, RajivSadanandan, Julie Hamblin, DesmondCohen, D.C.S. Reddy and Mukul Saxena.Readers including policy-makers andplanners from across the region, helpedin improving the presentation andsharpening the analysis. This process,though time consuming, helped inbuilding a constituency for theperspectives and messages of the Report.A special thanks to our fellow travellerswho have already initiated the process ofsharing the human developmentconcept and messages arising fromthis analysis.Editorial inputs from SeethaParthasarathy and Jaya Shreedhar, andprinting by New Concept InformationSystems Pvt. Ltd against very tightdeadlines are duly acknowledged.vii
The TeamHDRC: K. Seeta Prabhu, Suraj Kumar, Trishna Satpathy, Alka Narang, AnuradhaRajivan, Kalyani Menon-SenREACH Beyond Borders Programme: Sonam Yangchen Rana, G. Pramod Kumar,Uffe Gartner, Rie Debabrata, Clare Castillejo, Chandrika Bahadur, Meera MishraAdvisory BoardDavid BloomRobert CassenKhadija HaqS.R. OsmaniPeter PiotNihal RodrigoWerasit SittitraiTechnical CommitteeMeenakshi Datta GhoshReeta DeviRohan EdrisinhaAnand GroverD.C. JayasuriyaDavid MillerS.V. Joga RaoPrema RamachandranElizabeth ReidSwarup SarkarMonica SharmaGita Senviii
Page 1 and 2: It is now well accepted that HIV/AI
Page 3 and 4: © United Nations Development Progr
Page 5 and 6: OverviewGlobally, the Human Develop
Page 7: AcknowledgementsCombating HIV/AIDS
Page 11 and 12: ContentsCHAPTER 1Introduction1.1 Th
Page 13 and 14: Contents3.2 African AIDS is not a s
Page 15 and 16: GlossaryAIDSAcquired Immuno-deficie
Page 19 and 20: Introduction2Regional Human Develop
Page 21 and 22: Introductioncases, the region has t
Page 23 and 24: IntroductionAlthough theHIV/AIDS in
Page 25 and 26: IntroductionBox 1.2Human developmen
Page 27 and 28: IntroductionBox 1.3Millennium Devel
Page 31 and 32: Nexus between Human Development and
Page 57 and 58: The HIV/AIDS Epidemics of South Asi
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The HIV/AIDS Epidemics of South Asi
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDS“An impo
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSincrease t
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSsupport an
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.3Sti
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.5Bad
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSnumber of
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSnegotiate
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.6Ind
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSTable 4.2I
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSsociety in
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSReforms co
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSSource: WH
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.12Me
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSclients an
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSand develo
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSparticular
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSTable 4.5S
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.16Th
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSBox 4.17Hu
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSnuisance.
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Human Rights and HIV/AIDSand autono
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The Way orwardRegional Human Develo
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The Way orward“The social andpoli
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The Way orwardis not a desirable on
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The Way orwarddevelopment, divert s
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The Way orwardProviding ARV treatme
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The Way orward5.5 Adolescent Sexual
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The Way orwardwomen’s lives are t
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The Way orwardcomprehensive guidanc
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The Way orwardInvolving religious l
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The Way orwardconcerns and extended
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The Way orwardlInvolvement of gover
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The Way orwardfor people who are an
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Endnotes17 Bandhu, 200218 UNAIDS/WH
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Endnotes56 Pradhan, 199857 Malla, 2
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Endnoteson Economic, Social and Cul
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Annexure IRegional Human Developmen
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Annexure ICountry Treaty Concluding
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Annexure IAnnexure IIInternational
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Technical Note - ATechnical Note -
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Technical Note - A(EDEP) is calcula
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Technical Note - Bvalue is to the u
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Technical Note - Bsubstantial degre
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Technical Note - Bthe rate of growt
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Technical Note - BThe full list of
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Technical Note - B(13) H =(α∗ρ
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Technical Note - BTable T1Human dev
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Technical Note - BTable T3(b)HIV/AI
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Technical Note - BTable T7HIV/AIDS
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Technical Note - BDominican Republi
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Statistical TablesStatistical Table
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Statistical TablesTable 3Profile of
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Statistical TablesRegional Human De
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Country act SheetsRegional Human De
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Country act SheetsBANGLADESHIndicat
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Country act SheetsINDIAIndicator Ye
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Country act SheetsMALDIVESIndicator
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Country act SheetsPAKISTANIndicator
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Country act SheetsRegional Human De
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