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CHAPTER 5: Scientific Research and DevelopmentStrategic Objective 4.1Strengthen the pool of qualified health andbehavioral science researchers.The average age of first-time (new) principalinvestigators of research funded by NIH has risen to42 years for Ph.D. degree holders and 44 years for M.D.and M.D./Ph.D. holders. This trend must be curtailedin order to capture the creativity and innovation of newindependent investigators in their early career stages toaddress the Nation’s health-related research needs.The National Research Council of the NationalAcademies of Science issued two reports in 2005 aboutresearch training and career development with calls forimmediate action. NIH will continue to respond to thisneed to assist and mentor creative young researchersthrough existing programs. NIH is also developing newinitiatives to complement existing efforts to strengthenthe pool of qualified health and behavioral scienceresearchers.NIH will continue to support the Ruth L. KrischsteinNational Research Service Award Research TrainingGrants and Fellowships Program. This programprovides grant and fellowship funding for individualinvestigators with or working on a research-relatedor health-profession doctorate degree. Individualawards promote diversity in health-related researchfields across NIH. HHS will use the retention rate ofthese trainees and fellows as an indicator of its successin improving the pool of qualified researchers. NIHwill also support the Pathway to Independence AwardProgram. This program is an innovative and newopportunity for promising postdoctoral scientiststo receive both mentored and independent researchsupport from the same award. NIH will also continueto work with IHS to support the Native AmericanResearch Centers for Health to increase the number ofAI/AN researchers.116 HHS Strategic Plan FY 2007-2012
CHAPTER 5: Scientific Research and DevelopmentBrain ResearchStrategic Objective 4.2Increase basic scientific knowledgeto improve human health and humandevelopment.Basic research contributes significantlyto personalized health careand to increasing understandingof human makeup and biologicalprocesses. Current and future basicresearch projects in HHS focuson those areas with the greatestpotential for reduction in excessmorbidity and mortality, includingbrain function, human development,asthma and other respiratorydiseases, cancers, dementia,influenza strain mapping, andantimicrobial resistance. The performanceindicators for this strategicobjective highlight researchefforts related to major diseases,including cardiovascular diseaseand Alzheimer’s, and imaging toolsfor the early detection of diseases,including cancer.The rising public health impact of disorders of thenervous system makes neuroscience one of the mostimportant scientific frontiers for biomedical andbehavioral research in this century. Discoveries inthe areas of pain, alcoholism, drug abuse, autism,schizophrenia, depression, and other mental disordersare increasing dramatically. NIH will build onthese discoveries by continuing to support researchto better understand the processes of the brain,including improving imaging technologies to be ableto visualize brain processes as they happen. Theincreased understanding of the nerve circuits willpave the way for improved diagnosis and treatmentof common diseases such as depression, stroke, andepilepsy and reduced burden on the Nation in termsof both suffering and health care costs. NIH will alsosupport the Autism Phenome Project, which will identifyvarious clinical characteristics and subtypes of autismto facilitate research on genetic and other potentialcauses of autism and to guide applied research relatedto treatment approaches.Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s disease, the most common cause ofdementia among people older than 65, is one ofthe most serious threats to the Nation’s healthand economic well-being. Currently, 4.5 millionAmericans are affected by the disease; that numberis expected to almost triple by 2050. Those sufferingfrom Alzheimer’s disease advance inexorably, fromearly, mild forgetfulness to a severe loss of mentalfunction and inability for self-care. Existing researchsuggests that Alzheimer’s disease pathology beginsto develop in the brain long before clinical symptomsyield a diagnosis. The ability to make an accurate earlydiagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease would allow targetedintervention before cognitive loss becomes significant.NIH is searching for valid, easily attainable biologicalmarkers that could help identify biological markers forearly disease. For example, NIH will support researchto examine one promising approach that involves usingcoated gold nanoparticles as bioprobes to measureHHS Strategic Plan FY 2007-2012117
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Appendix h: endnotesXXX.CDC. (2005)
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