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CHAPTER 5: Scientific Research and DevelopmentCardiovascular DiseaseTo improve the treatment of cardiovascular disease,NIH is working to develop and clinically apply onenew imaging technique that will enable tracking themobility of stem cells within cardiovascular tissues.Scientists are now devoting considerable effort tounderstanding the role of cytokine 17 production bystem cells rather than focusing solely on assessing theirdifferentiation state and location in vivo. Despite thenew focus on cytokine production, the importanceof understanding stem cell differentiation remains abasic, important problem in regenerative medicine. Apromising new approach for assessing differentiationhas recently been reported in the literature. Scientistshave inserted a reporter of calcium transients intostem cells, allowing scientists to determine whetherstem cells are coupled productively to the normalheart during the regeneration process. Control ofdifferentiation will be critical for the eventual successof cardiovascular cell-based therapy. Imaging methodsto detect and monitor the differentiation process arenow the focus of efforts in numerous laboratories.NIH is undertaking a multimodality imaging effort todevelop tools to track cardiovascular stem cells in vivo,and ultimately in patients.Public Health ProtectionCDC’s applied research portfolio targets fourinterrelated areas: healthy people in every stage oflife, healthy people in healthy places, people preparedfor emerging health threats (infectious, occupational,environmental, and terrorist threats), and healthypeople in a healthy world. In support of the goalsdirectedresearch strategy, CDC has developed theAdvancing the Nation’s Health: A Guide to Public HealthResearch Needs, 2006-2015. This Research Guide is acomprehensive resource of critical national and globalpublic health research priorities that will advancescience and practice toward greater health impact.17 Cytokine is a protein secreted by cells of the lymph systemthat affects the activity of other cells and is important in controllinginflammatory responses.122 HHS Strategic Plan FY 2007-2012
CHAPTER 5: Scientific Research and DevelopmentThe array of public health research priorities includesinfectious diseases, public health preparedness, chronicdiseases and disabilities, safety of environments, globalpublic health, health information and communication,crosscutting research, and health disparities. Over thenext 5 years, CDC will progress toward achievementof the health protection goals and will address theresearch themes in the Research Guide.Within the infectious disease area, research will focuson antimicrobial resistance; bioterrorism-relatedenvironmental microbiology, and zoonotic andvectorborne diseases; vaccines and immunizationprograms, including vaccine supply issues; andspecial populations. Within the preparedness area,research will focus on vulnerable populations,including predictive strategies for risk and recoveryafter an extreme event, infrastructure and workforcepreparedness, and detection and diagnosis of hazardsand their medical consequences.The chronic disease applied research portfolio willfocus on pregnancy planning and preconceptioncare; optimal child and adolescent development;identification of effective health promotion strategies;and reduction of the burden of, disparities in, andrisk factors for, chronic disease among older adults.In order to create safe places to live, work, andplay, CDC will conduct research on environmentalrisk factors such as lead exposure and health, safeworkplace design, effective strategies to preventinjuries and violence, and risk and protective factors forinterpersonal violence and suicidal behavior.Food, Drug, and Device SafetyUnder its Critical Path Initiative, FDA will stimulate andfacilitate a national effort to modernize the scientificprocess through which a potential human drug,biological product, or medical device is transformedfrom a discovery or “proof of concept” into a medicalproduct. FDA will continue to conduct research onresistance of foodborne pathogens to antimicrobialdrugs and to provide for the safe use of antimicrobialsin food animals, while ensuring that the usefulness ofcritical human drugs is not compromised or lost.FDA’s National Center for Toxicological Research(NCTR) will undertake applied research studies thatsupport and anticipate current and future regulatoryneeds, including integrated toxicological research andsupport for the Critical Path Initiative.HHS Strategic Plan FY 2007-2012123
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Appendix h: endnotesXXX.CDC. (2005)
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