STRATEGIC PLAN - ASPE - U.S. Department of Health and Human ...

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CHAPTER 5: Scientific Research and DevelopmentStrategic Objective 4.3Conduct and oversee applied research toimprove health and well-being.The application of basic scientific findings in the healthand human service areas marks the next step along thecontinuum from basic research to practice. Numerousdivisions within HHS conduct and provide oversight ofapplied research. These activities range from clinicaltrials for promising new pharmaceuticals and vaccinesto behavioral research to identify effective approachesfor reducing risky behaviors associated with infectiousand chronic diseases. The performance indicatorshighlight clinical trials focused on improving treatmentto those with both cardiovascular disease and diabetesand/or chronic kidney disease.Birth Defects/Developmental DisabilitiesCDC conducts a variety of applied research studies toadvance the understanding of factors associated withbirth defects and developmental disabilities in bothchildren and adults. Over the next 5 years, CDC willidentify and evaluate the role of new factors for birthdefects and developmental disabilities. CDC also willinitiate new and continue existing studies of candidaterisk and protective factors associated with birth defectsand developmental disabilities to identify potentialintervention strategies.Substance Abuse TreatmentAlthough research has demonstrated that substanceabuse treatment can be effective in reducing substanceuse and addiction, few science-based interventionshave been developed and tested widely within thehealth care field. The reasons for this are, in part,related to cultural and institutional barriers. Inan effort to narrow the substance abuse treatmentgap, recent substance abuse treatment studies havefocused on deploying interventions in communities.NIH has adapted and is testing three substanceabuse treatment approaches in an effort to bringresearch-based treatments to communities morerapidly. These substance abuse treatment protocols,120 HHS Strategic Plan FY 2007-2012
CHAPTER 5: Scientific Research and DevelopmentBrief Strategic Family Therapy, Seeking Safety, andMotivational Enhancement Treatment, are designedto reach specialized populations that are frequentlyunderrepresented in drug and alcohol abuse researchand are often underserved in drug and alcohol abusetreatment centers. The populations served includeadolescents at high risk for substance addiction andtheir families and abused women, as well as membersof minority groups.Lung CancerLung cancer is one of the leading causes of death inthe United States, with an estimated 160,000 deathsoccurring annually and an estimated incidence of173,000 newly diagnosed cases each year. xxxix Onlyone-third of newly diagnosed cases are identified at astage early enough to allow for effective therapeuticintervention, while more advanced stages of the diseaseare characterized by a median survival rate of lessthan 1 year. The development of new drug treatmentsfor lung cancer has been slowed by difficulty in bothearly detection and measurement of early therapeuticdrug response. NIH is supporting research to evaluate,validate, and compare varying functional imagingmethods that could serve as more sensitive approachesto the measurement of early drug response thanstandard or conventional anatomic imaging techniquesthat are based on significant tumor shrinkage. NIHis striving to validate and to compare three imagingmethods that could offer increased sensitivity overcomputed tomography as a means of assessing lungcancer response to therapy.ObesityObesity is associated with numerous serious diseases,including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke,osteoarthritis, gallstones, breathing problems, andcertain cancers. Type 2 diabetes, formerly viewed as adisease of older adults, has been increasingly reportedamong children.NIH is exploring lifestyle-based approaches to obesityprevention, including behavioral or environmentalinterventions, in settings such as schools, communities,and homes. NIH will support at least two studies thatwill evaluate the effects on weight control of worksiteinterventions that include environmental components,and at least three studies will evaluate the effects ofinterventions delivered in primary care settings totreat and/or prevent obesity in children. Becausemaintenance of weight loss is a critical yet particularlydifficult element of obesity treatment and prevention,NIH also will investigate novel ways to help individualswho have intentionally lost weight to keep the weightoff for at least 2 years. Complementing these areasof investigation relevant to lifestyle interventions isresearch to evaluate the efficacy of different types ofdiets and physical activities.HHS Strategic Plan FY 2007-2012121
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Appendix h: endnotesXXX.CDC. (2005)
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