STRATEGIC PLAN - ASPE - U.S. Department of Health and Human ...

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CHAPTER 3: Public Health Promotion and Protection, Disease Prevention,and Emergency PreparednessStrategic Objective 2.1Prevent the spread of infectious diseases.Although modern advances have conquered somediseases, infectious diseases continue to threatenthe Nation’s health. Outbreaks of Severe AcuteRespiratory Syndrome (SARS), avian influenza, WestNile Virus, and monkeypox are recent reminders ofthe extraordinary ability of microbes to adapt andevolve to infect humans. Earlier predictions of theelimination of infectious diseases often did not takeinto account changes in demographics, migrationpatterns, and human behaviors, as well as the abilityof microbes to adapt, evolve, and develop resistance todrugs. Infectious disease can have significant medicaland economic consequences. Addressing foodborneillnesses, vectorborne pathogens, viral hepatitis,HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections,tuberculosis, antimicrobial resistance, and a possibleinfluenza pandemic is a significant priority for HHS.Although these diseases affect all Americans, manyoften hit hardest the most vulnerable populations—thelow-income population, minorities, children and youth,immigrants, persons who are incarcerated, and otherdisenfranchised populations. The selected performanceindicators at the end of this chapter were chosen toreflect the impact HHS has on these populations.ImmunizationHHS has identified several key strategies for addressingthe threat of infectious diseases. One of the primarystrategies is the use of vaccines. HHS’s vaccine enterpriseincludes outreach activities and funding support forchildhood and adult immunization. HHS, throughCDC, will protect Americans from vaccine-preventablediseases by providing health communication messagesabout vaccination and supporting efforts to increaseimmunization coverage rates for both children and atriskadults. OPHS coordinates and ensures collaborationamong the many Federal agencies involved in vaccineand immunization activities. The Assistant Secretaryfor Health (ASH) provides leadership and coordinationamong Federal agencies, as they work together to carryout the goals of the National Vaccine Plan. The National62 HHS Strategic Plan FY 2007-2012
CHAPTER 3: Public Health Promotion and Protection, Disease Prevention,and Emergency PreparednessVaccine Plan provides a framework, including goals,objectives, and strategies, for pursuing the preventionof infectious diseases through immunizations. In 2007–2008, HHS will review and revise the existing NationalVaccine Plan to ensure that it addresses new scientificand safety issues that have emerged since the first planwas developed. HHS also will continue existing effortsto increase immunization rates for vaccine-preventableillness. Specifically, HHS, through CDC, will develop anddisseminate health communication messages aboutvaccination and support efforts to increase immunizationcoverage rates for both children and adults.The Vaccines for Children Program (VFC), whichprovides immunizations for eligible children 6 at theirdoctors’ offices, will continue to be a cornerstoneof the HHS infectious disease prevention strategy.VFC also helps children whose insurance doesnot cover vaccinations when they receive them atparticipating Federally Qualified Health Centersand Rural Health Clinics. HHS also will work toincrease rates of vaccination against influenza andpneumococcal viruses through its National Influenzaand Pneumococcal Vaccination Campaign. This jointinitiative involves CDC, CMS, FDA, HRSA, IHS, andNIH along with State and local health departments,Medicaid agencies, tribal representatives, healthcare providers, and the National Coalition for AdultImmunization. It aims to provide vaccinations forinfluenza and pneumonia to beneficiary populations.HIV/AIDSOPHS coordinates all HIV/AIDS-related scientific andpolicy matters, such as new developments and programactivities within the areas of research, HIV prevention,HIV care and treatment, and budget development.OPHS also ensures the effective and accountablemanagement of the Department’s HIV/AIDS programs.6 Children 18 years of age and younger who meet at least oneof the following criteria are eligible: (1) a child who is eligible forthe Medicaid program; (2) a child who has no health insurancecoverage; (3) American Indian or Alaska Native; (4) a child, if servedby a Federally Qualified Health Center or Rural Health Clinic, whosehealth insurance benefit plan does not include vaccinations.Building on its existing surveillance, research, andscreening activities, CDC applies well-integrated,multidisciplinary programs of research, surveillance, riskfactor, and disease intervention to prevent and control thespread of HIV infection. For example, CDC is the sourceof national data on the epidemic and supports preventionprograms in every State, guided by community planning.These programs reach those at highest risk for acquiringor transmitting infection with effective interventions toreduce their risk and protect their health. CDC and HRSAwill support efforts to increase knowledge of communitycapacity to respond to HIV and increase HIV testingstatus, focusing especially on groups and communitiesat the highest risk of infection. FDA is responsiblefor ensuring the safety of the Nation’s blood supply byminimizing the risks of infectious disease transmissionand other hazards while facilitating an adequate supply ofblood and blood products.Routine and targeted HIV testing will be key strategiesfor preventing new HIV infections and improvingoutcomes for those who test positive. Individualsinfected with HIV who are aware of their infection areless likely to engage in risky behaviors and are more likelyto take steps to protect their partners. Additionally,individuals infected with HIV who are aware of theirinfection can take advantage of the therapies that cankeep them healthy and extend their lives.Additionally, FDA will continue its work withinternational drug regulatory authorities to promoteexpedited review of generic antiretroviral drugs underthe President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).HHS, through its operating divisions, especially CDCand HRSA, is one of the major implementing partnersfor PEPFAR, and manages prevention, treatment,and care activities in the 15 focus countries of theEmergency Plan and more than 20 others. HHS alsoprovides part of the Federal Government’s financialcontribution to the Global Fund to fight AIDS,tuberculosis, and malaria, and is part of the interagencyteam that guides U.S. policy toward the fund.HHS Strategic Plan FY 2007-201263
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CHAPTER 6: Responsible Stewardship
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Appendix h: endnotesXXX.CDC. (2005)
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