Given the reliance of Ireland and the GDA oninternational trade and export markets, andin order to support NSS objectives, particularattention needs to be given to ensuring efficientand reliable business travel and movement ofgoods to key markets, ports and <strong>Dublin</strong> Airport.5.2 Serving communities<strong>Transport</strong> connects communities and enablespeople to access essential social infrastructure.Land use planning plays a key role in reducing theneed to travel, by locating mixed use residentialdevelopments inclusive of community and leisure,retail, health, employment and education servicesin close proximity to each other. Planning can alsoensure that new residential developments are builtwhere a range of transport options are available.The RPGs include policies that local authoritieswork with the relevant state agencies in ensuringthat an integrated approach is taken to planningfor the communities who live within the GDA.They state that low density car based housingdevelopment forms should be avoided and insteadhousing should be focussed on medium densitieswhich will support and integrate with a range ofcommunity facilities such as education, health,leisure and employment - all within accessiblewalking distances.The RPGs also recommend that where significantnew housing is proposed in an area or community,planning authorities should designate newschool sites at accessible, pedestrian friendlylocations. Planning authorities should also workwith the health services with regard to provisionfor community based primary care centresand hospital care in key population centres,supporting their integration into new and existingcommunities. Similar policy recommendationsare made in relation to childcare facilities andrecreational and leisure facilities.ChallengesEven if the RPG policy recommendations areimplemented in full, there remains a significantplanning legacy of people living in houses that werebuilt away from the services they require, and withfew alternatives to get about, other than by car.Recent national transport investment has tendedto focus on major infrastructural schemes thatfacilitate access to national and regional centres.Improvements facilitating local movement, such aswalking and cycling initiatives and improvementsto local public transport have been less extensive.The <strong>Strategy</strong> faces the challenge of how bestto connect people to the jobs, shops, andother essential community services (health,childcare, education, recreation and culturalactivities) they need to access, by a range ofmodes of travel, but particularly by improvinglocal public transport, cycling and walking.In connecting communities, priority needs to begiven to those communities that do not currentlyhave good transport links to the services they need.Disadvantaged areas, where car ownership is lower,need special attention. The particular transportneeds of the young, the elderly and people with adisability also need to be taken into account.The <strong>Strategy</strong> needs to pay particularattention to improving access for thoseliving in disadvantaged areas. It also needs toensure transport facilities are designed withthe needs of people with disabilities in mind.Very good progress has been made in reducing trafficaccidents throughout the GDA in recent years.The co-location of retail, education, health services,community and leisure, employment and othersocial infrastructure in a central place allowseasier access by the surrounding community bycycling, walking or public transport. Traditionally,larger town centres and <strong>Dublin</strong> city centre haveperformed these roles.Chapter 5: page 6 www.<strong>2030</strong>vision.ie
Figure 5.4: Road fatalities in the <strong>Greater</strong> <strong>Dublin</strong> <strong>Area</strong>Motor Vehicle User140Pedestrian120CyclistFacilities1008060402001996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008YearThe <strong>Strategy</strong> needs to build on this, by improvingtravel safety further, placing particular emphasison improving safety, and perceptions of safety, forthose who walk and cycle.Walking and cycling can support communityinteraction and perceptions of a safeneighbourhood in a way other travel modescannot. Conversely, low numbers of pedestriansand cyclists can act as a barrier to uptake of thosemodes in some areas, particularly if coupled witha fear of crime and anti-social behaviour. This alsoapplies to the use of public transport, particularlyin the evenings.Walking and cycling (including walking and cyclingto and from public transport) can contribute toimprovements in health and wellbeing in a wayother modes cannot.Leisure walking and cycling facilities can alsocontribute to the quality of life of GDA residentsand visitors, as well as supporting local tourism.The <strong>Strategy</strong> needs to examine how walkingand cycling can be encouraged, including forleisure and recreational purposes.The <strong>Strategy</strong> needs to examine ways in whichtravel safety and perceptions of personalsecurity can be improved particularly for thosewalking, cycling or using public transport.140Increases in car ownership, time pressures and the120design of developments where homes have beenlocated 100 away from shops and activities have all ledto an increase 80 in car use and contributed to a moresedentary 60 lifestyle. This has affected both adultsand children 40 of school going age. Although 75% ofsecondary20school students do not consider it too farto walk or cycle to school, less than half do so 24 .05.3Improving the environmentBy 2009, Ireland’s Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissionswere 12% above 1990 levels. <strong>Transport</strong> GHGs hadgrown by 149%. Road transport accounted for 97%of all emissions nationally. In recent years, growthin transport GHG emissions has exceeded economicgrowth. <strong>Transport</strong> is by far the largest CO 2emittingsector, and since 1990, by far the most significantgrowth in GHG emissions has taken place in thissector 25 .24 DTO Education Survey 200625 http://www.seai.ie/Publications/Statistics_Publications/Energy_in_Ireland/Energy_in_Ireland_1990-2009.pdfChapter 5: page 7 www.<strong>2030</strong>vision.ie