Indonesia Human Development Report 2001 - UNDP

Calculating the GDIAs an example, the calculation of GDI for theprovince of Aceh 1996 is as follow:Component Female MaleProportion of population 0.499 0.501Life expectancy 69.6 65.6Literacy rate (%) 90.1 96.2Mean years of schooling (MYS) 6.8 7.7Percentage of the economicallyactive population(Proportion of Labor Force) 38.4 61.6Non-agricultural wage 271.929 383.423PPP (Rp 000) 562.8Calculating life expectancy and educational indicesLife expectancy index:• Female : (69.6 - 27.5) / (87.5 - 27.5) = 0.70• Male : (65.6 - 22.5) / (82.5 - 22.5) = 0.72If ∈ = 2. then:Xede (1) = [((0.499) (0.70) -1 ) + ((0.501) (0.72) -1 )] -1 = 0.71Literacy rate index:• Female : (90.1 - 0) / (100-0) = 0.901• Male : (96.2 - 0) / (100-0) = 0.962Mean years of schooling index:• Female : (6.8 - 0) / (15-0) = 0.453• Male : (7.7 - 0) / (15-0) = 0.513Educational attainment index:• Female : 2/3 (0.901) + 1/3 (0.453) = 0.75• Male : 2/3 (0.962) + 1/3 (0.513) = 0.81If ∈ = 2. then:Xede (2) = [(0.499) (0.75) -1 + (0.501) (0.81) -1 ] -1 = 0.78Calculating income distribution index Ratio to malenon-agricultural wage:• Female : 271.929/383.423 = 0.709• Male : 1Average wage: (0.384 x 0.709) + (0.616 x 1) = 0.888Ratio to average wage:Female : 0.709 / 0.888 = 0.798Male : 1 / 0.888 = 1.126Share of earned incomeFemale : 0.798 x 0.384 = 0.307Male : 1.126 x 0.616 = 0.693Proportional income sharesFemale : 0.307 / 0.499 = 0.614Male : 0.694 / 0.501 = 1.384If ∈ = 2. then:Xede (Inc) = [(0.499) (0.614) -1 + (0.501)(1.384) -1 ] -1 = 0.85The income distribution index (I Inc-dis) isI Inc-dis = [(0.85 x 562.8) - 360] / [737.72 - 300] = 0.276Gender Development IndexGDI = (0.71 + 0.78 + 0.276) / 3 = 0.59 = 59%Calculating the GEMUsing the case of Aceh province in 1999, thecalculation of GEM is as follows:Component Female MaleProportion of population 0.499 0.501Parliamentary Representation (%) 8.3 91.7Proportion of manager,administration staff, professionaland technical staff (%) 54.4 45.6Percentage of the economicallyactive population (Proportion ofLabor Force) 38.4 61.6Percentage of the economicallyactive population(Proportion of Labor Force) 38.4 61.6Non-agricultural wage 271.929 383.423PPP (Rp 000) 562.8Calculating the parliamentary representation indexand decision-making index with ∈ = 2Parliamentary representation index (Ipar)EDEP (par) = [0.499)(8.3) -1 + (0.501)(91.7) -1 ] -1 = 15.25Ipar = 15.25 / 50 = 0.3Decision-making index (IDM)EDEP (DM) = [0.499)(54.4) -1 + (0.500)(45.6) -1 ] -1 = 49.61IDM = 49.61/50 = 0.99Calculating income distribution indexFollowing the calculation of income distributionindex for GDI above, the IInc-dis = 0.27Gender empowerment measure:GEM = 1/3 (Ipar + IDM + IInc-dis)= (0.3 + 0.99 + 0.27) / 3 = 52.4decision-making component is from SUSENAS 1996 and1999. Data for parliamentary representation is from“Lembaga Pemilihan Umum” (General Election Institute)and the parliaments at provincial and regency/city level.The GEM is calculated as:GEM = 1/3 [Ipar + IDM + IInc-dis]Where:Ipar : Parliamentary representation indexIDM : Decision making indexIInc-dis : Income distribution indexThe Human Poverty Index (HPI)The HPI combines several dimensions of humanpoverty that are considered as the most basic indicatorsof human deprivation. It consists of three indicators:people expected not having a long live, deprivation oneducational attainment and inadequacy in access to basic152 INDONESIA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2001