Permanent Supportive <strong>Housing</strong> ProductionBackground DataPermanent supportive housing (PSH) is affordable housing that offers an array ofcomprehensive services that can be beneficial to both homeless individuals with a disablingcondition, as well as other vulnerable populations. The populations best served bypermanent supportive housing are: homeless persons, persons with severe mental illnesses,persons with alcohol and drug addiction disorders, youth aging out of foster care, andoffenders exiting <strong>Ohio</strong> Department of Rehabilitation and Correction’s institutions.The exact number of permanent supportive housing units and population in need of suchhousing in <strong>Ohio</strong> is difficult to determine. It is estimated that as of 2007 there are at aminimum 8,000 to 8,500 units of permanent supportive housing scattered throughout thestate, with a concentration in urban counties. 9 According to the 2007 Continuum of Care(CoC) applications, <strong>Ohio</strong> needs 6,583 units of permanent supportive housing to providehousing to over 9,000 people. Whereas methods used by state agencies determined that onan annual basis 10,426 people were identified to need supportive housing. The populationand state agency figures combined indicates that in <strong>Ohio</strong> 19,727 people are in need of PSH.Geographic differences are important when estimating the need of PSH as well; specificallythe resource capacities of rural versus urban areas. The calculations used to determine thenumber of units and people in need of PSH varies at the local, state, and federal level. Dueto variations there is general agreement that the numbers under-represent the need forpermanent supportive housing throughout the state.SynopsisThe development of PSH units has been challenging historically for housing developersand permanent supportive housing providers. The creation and operation of permanentsupportive housing requires funding for three distinct and necessary components:1) Capital to acquire property, rehabilitate existing units, and/or to construct new units2) Operating subsidies to offset the rents which are usually beyond the ability of mosttenants to pay (generally tenants in PSH are at or below 30 percent of AMI) or to coverthe cost of having security and support at the front door of an apartment building3) Service funding which pays for the staff which assists the tenants in accessing andutilizing community based services such as treatment.It must be noted that currently in the state of <strong>Ohio</strong>, nonprofit supportive housing providersare getting little to no financial support for the funding of operating or support servicesprovided in PSH. 10 Capital financing for permanent supportive housing is generally available,but there are fewer resources available for operations and services. Securing funding forall three components of PSH sometimes result in developers “cobbling together” 10-25different funding sources to make the projects work and operate successfully. Fundingchallenges exacerbate the issues and housing needs of those populations best served bypermanent supportive housing.Rural and urban communities across <strong>Ohio</strong> have worked with local housing authorities,mental health boards and Continuums of Care to secure funding for supportive housingoperations and services. Despite this progress, there is a significant shortfall of operatingand services subsidy that will limit the continued development of PSH and keep homelesspeople in shelters and places not meant for human habitation for too long. 11 “There is a9Corporation for Supportive <strong>Housing</strong>, <strong>Ohio</strong> Permanent Supportive <strong>Housing</strong> Inventory (2008) available Internet: http://www.csh.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageId=4212&nodeID=8710Community Shelter Board, Rebuilding Lives: New Strategies for a New Era (2008) page 43.11Permanent Supportive <strong>Housing</strong> Gap Program, as presented to the Governor’s Interagency Council on Homelessness and Affordable<strong>Housing</strong>, September 25, 2008.32
pipeline of PSH projects in communities around <strong>Ohio</strong> that will meet the needs of more than1,000 long-term homeless individuals and families over the next three years. However,waiting lists demonstrate additional gaps in funding. For example, housing data for mentalhealth consumers showed increased demand and less access; for supported housing, thenumber of consumers waiting increased from 2,372 to 3,387, and the number waiting morethan a year increased from 17 percent to 21 percent between 2004 and 2008.” 12The <strong>Ohio</strong> Department of Mental Health, local mental health boards, nonprofit housingdevelopers, and other organizations and state agencies efforts has focused on the needfor permanent supportive housing in the State of <strong>Ohio</strong>. The Corporation for Supportive<strong>Housing</strong> (CSH) for example, has been working to provide advocacy, leadership and financialresources for the creation of permanent, supportive housing for seventeen years. CSH hasidentified six building blocks 13 that have been present in successful permanent, supportivehousing nationwide. The six key indicators that should be present to develop an adequatesupply of successful permanent, supportive housing are: leadership, collaborative planning,financial leverage, provider infrastructure, credible data, and networks of allies. Othernotable efforts include the Columbus <strong>Housing</strong> Network’s tenant education training, NationalChurch Residences’ contract between housing management staff and case managers, andJobs First service model that seeks to engage tenants in employment when they sign-up forhousing.<strong>Ohio</strong> has recognized homelessness issues and the need for permanent supportivehousing as homelessness is an ongoing problem in the State of <strong>Ohio</strong>. People experiencinghomelessness are among the most vulnerable people in society. If society is judged by howit treats the least of its citizens, those in homelessness are among the most deserving ofattention. In order to provide the necessary attention to permanent supportive housingadditional resources and efforts are required.RecommendationsMultiple recommendations were developed as a means to further address the need forpermanent supportive housing in <strong>Ohio</strong>, recommendations are as follows:1. Better coordinate existing state resources with Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) tocapture more FHLB money in <strong>Ohio</strong> for PSH development.Rationale: The FHLB of Cincinnati has invested in PSH extensively in <strong>Ohio</strong>. Unfortunately,the percentage of their funds for special needs housing (of which PSH is one type) isdisproportionately going to projects in two other states in their footprint. Based uponpopulation census, <strong>Ohio</strong> represents 53 percent of FHLB of Cincinnati’s footprint but is onlycapturing approximately 36.5 percent of FHLB resources. 142. The State should facilitate an easier, coordinated process for access to multiple stateresources that fosters partnership with local organizations for PSH development andoperations.Rationale: Providers and local community leaders must apply to multiple state agenciesto access limited PSH resources. These applications are commonly on differing applicationdeadlines, requiring differing supporting materials. Monitoring and compliance follows suitwith one PSH provider in Columbus reporting three separate monitoring visits by threeagencies in one month to review the same project. ODOD and ODMH have a workablemodel for shared investment. This concept should be examined further for applicationand extension.12<strong>Ohio</strong> Department of Mental Health, 2009 Community <strong>Plan</strong> Report System Performance Indicators3313Corporation for Supportive <strong>Housing</strong>, Toolkit for Advancing Systems Change, Available Internet: http://intranet.csh.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageId=4028&stopRedirect=114Corporation for Supportive <strong>Housing</strong>, <strong>Ohio</strong> office analysis completed on FHLB of Cincinnati’s 2005-2008 awards. Contact CSH at614.228.6263.
- Page 3 and 4: OHFA Annual PlanThe Ohio Housing Fi
- Page 5: Mission StatementsThe OHFA Annual P
- Page 8 and 9: The State’s Housing NeedsAffordab
- Page 10 and 11: Subject Matter Expert (SME) Workgro
- Page 12 and 13: 3. Financial LiteracyOHFA and other
- Page 14 and 15: Affordable Housing Preservation & D
- Page 16 and 17: federal subsidies. To achieve this
- Page 18 and 19: Accessible HousingBackground DataOh
- Page 20 and 21: 3) Create dedicated funding streams
- Page 22 and 23: • Recommend that Ohio support the
- Page 24 and 25: Rural and Appalachian RegionsBackgr
- Page 26 and 27: 6. Annual Set-Asides and Incentives
- Page 28 and 29: • Several cities in Ohio current
- Page 30 and 31: OHFA should provide funding, traini
- Page 34 and 35: 3. The State should assist local Co
- Page 45 and 46: PrioritizationThe challenge of prio
- Page 47 and 48: Agency RecommendationsThe Annual Pl
- Page 49 and 50: APPENDIXWorkgroup 1: Affordable Hom
- Page 51 and 52: Executive SummaryHousing Need Descr
- Page 53 and 54: efficiency and resource conservatio
- Page 55 and 56: 554. Home Buyer Education in OHFA F
- Page 57 and 58: Estimated Units in Need of Some For
- Page 59 and 60: Ohio County Foreclosure Filings (19
- Page 61 and 62: Operating Costs - Met and Unmet Nee
- Page 63 and 64: Workgroup #2:Affordable Housing Pre
- Page 65 and 66: Secondary Recommendations• Explor
- Page 67 and 68: Executive SummaryOhio’s supply of
- Page 69 and 70: Met Housing Needs (“Resource Inve
- Page 71 and 72: Ohio Deptof MentalRetardation andDe
- Page 73 and 74: Unmet Housing NeedsData OverviewThe
- Page 75 and 76: ody, and will be built within the C
- Page 77 and 78: • OHFA will continue to maintain
- Page 79 and 80: Best Practices, Policies and Progra
- Page 81 and 82: addition, 60,111 one-person househo
- Page 83 and 84:
Across Ohio, people with very low i
- Page 85 and 86:
• Responsible for Rent - The pers
- Page 87 and 88:
Seattle, St. Louis, and Washington,
- Page 89 and 90:
Primary Recommendations• Create a
- Page 91 and 92:
Unmet Housing Needs:• Due to the
- Page 93 and 94:
• The cost of construction often
- Page 95 and 96:
Recommendations for Annual Plan Adv
- Page 97 and 98:
capacity to quantify vacant propert
- Page 99 and 100:
distributed on or about January 15,
- Page 101 and 102:
Action is needed at the State level
- Page 103 and 104:
a “user-friendly” data system,
- Page 105 and 106:
5) Incentivize the formation of bro
- Page 107 and 108:
Workgroup #8:Permanent Supportive H
- Page 109 and 110:
3. Assist local Continuums of Care
- Page 111 and 112:
Program and Resource InventoryNonpr
- Page 113 and 114:
Table 2PopulationsPersons whoexperi
- Page 115 and 116:
Examples: A national model for succ
- Page 117 and 118:
oles, so they create a contract bet
- Page 119 and 120:
Workgroup #8:Appendix ANameProgramD
- Page 121 and 122:
or remedyingneglect, abuse,or the e
- Page 123 and 124:
ased healthcare, and earlyintervent
- Page 125 and 126:
“Bob” of Stark County, OhioPubl