Turbo Basic

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DO/LOOP statementFunctionSyntaxDO/LOOP is a loop with a test for TRUE or FALSE at the top and/or bottom of the loop.DO [{WHILEIUNTIL} expression]• statements [EXIT LOOP]Remarks[LOOpIWEND] [{WHILEIUNTIL} expression]expression is a numeric expression, in which nonzero values representTRUE, and zero values FALSE:DO and LOOP are loop builders for all seasons. They allow youto create loops with the test for the terminating condition at the top'of the loop, the bottom, both places, or neither. A DO statementmust always be paired with a, matching LOOP statement at thebottom of the loop. Failure to match DO and, LOOPrt!sults in compile-timeerrors.Use WHILE and UNTIL to add a test to a DO/LOOP. Use theWHILE reserved word if the loop should be repeated if expressionis TRUE, and'terminated. if expression, is FALSE. UNTIL causesthe opposite effect; that is, the loop will be terminated if the conditionis TRUE, and repeated if FALSE.For example:DO WHILE a = 13• statementsLOOPexecutes the statements between DO and LOOP as long as a is 13.DO UNTIL a = 13LOOP• statementsexecutes the statements between DO .and LOOP as long as a isnot 13.At any point in a DO/LOOP you may include an EXIT/LOOPstatement. This, is equivalent to performing a GOTO to the statementafter the terminating LOOP. (For more information; see theEXIT statement.)Turbo Basic Reference Directory 187
Note that this DO/LOOP:DO WHILE a < bLOOPhas the same effect as thisWHILE/WEND loop:WHILE a < bExampleWENDAlthough the compiler doesn't care about such things, indent thestatements between DO and LOOP a couple of spaces. This helpsto clarify the structure of the loop.I This program waits until a key is pressed.DOLOOP UNTIL INSTATEND188Turbo Basic Owner's Handbook
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Turbo Basic ~Owner;'s HandbookCopyr
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A First Program ...................
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Nondelimited Sequential Files .....
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GOSUB statement ...................
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RSET statement ....................
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Output ............................
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IntroductionTurbo Basic is a self-c
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TypographyThe body of this manual i
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c H A p T E R 1About BASICLike Main
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soon as you press the Enter key (th
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Turbo Basic's enormous compilation
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c H A p T E R 2Touring Turbo BasicT
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your AUTO EXEC. BAT file (see Appen
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• Run to execute programs or comp
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Block operations can be performed w
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_ •. --------------------",Turbo
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As its name implies, the selections
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I..ILI 1 •••••roaa=lfte(I
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Use the Directory option in the Fil
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The System WindowsTurbo Basic provi
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c H A p T E R 3Turbo Basic: The Pro
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The editor uses approximately 50 co
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Basic Movement CommarulsHere are so
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Use Overwrite mode to replace old t
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Miscellaneous Editing CommandsThis
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When the search string is specifIed
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The CompilerTurbo Basic's compiler
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Turbo Basic's context-sensitive hel
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Be certain to choose unique file na
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detected, you are placed in the edi
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• Bounds• Overflow• Stack tes
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Note that Overflow checking occurs
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.... ---_._----- .-ltes .... 'e ---
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Save Options/Window/SetupS saves th
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When a run-time error occurs, Turbo
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c H A p T E R 4Turbo Basic: The Lan
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Examples include:SORTSUBROUTINE:Ex;
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Reseroed WordsTurbo Basic reserves
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Numbers in Turbo·BasicThe care and
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y Interpretive BASIC. (For more inf
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A numeric constant with a decimal p
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VariablesA variable is an identifie
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In an enhancement to Interpretive B
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Even though this code compiles with
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ExpressionsAn expression consists o
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Relational OperatorsRelational oper
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An OR mask sets selected bits of an
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FunctionsThere are two types of fun
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Line 170 determines the value FNFac
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Consider this program that defines
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ActionReturn a valueCalling methodP
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Doing sO'will not, however, change
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Local arrays are automatically deal
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equal to 170; 3 passes this test, s
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Note that the space character canno
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parent of this directory. For examp
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to write it all back at the end. In
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Consider the following program and
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double-precision values into Micros
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And following is a sample program u
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Device I/OTurbo Basic supports so-c
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Line 1, Column 1 Columns (1-80)80~L
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Absolute and Relative CoordinatesMo
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c H A p T E R 5Turbo Basic Referenc
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pathA string expression describing
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$COM metastatementFunctionSyntaxRem
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$EVENT metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$INCLUDE metastatementFunctionSynta
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$INLINE metastatementFunctionSyntax
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$SOUND metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$STATIC metastatementFunctionSyntax
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ASC functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksRe
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See AlsoExampleConvert degrees to r
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BIN$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 152 and 153: BSAVE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 154 and 155: Integer% = 1Longlnt& = 2SinglePrel
Page 156 and 157: See AlsoExampleREG as a function re
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Page 160 and 161: CHAIN statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 162 and 163: CHDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 164 and 165: CINT functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
Page 166 and 167: oExampleaspect is a numeric express
Page 168 and 169: PRINTI display no longer existing s
Page 170 and 171: CLOSE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 172 and 173: COLOR statement (graphics mode)Func
Page 174 and 175: Example I This program demonstrates
Page 176 and 177: RestrictionsBackground values of 0
Page 178 and 179: PRINT IICOM Port input: II;ComPortI
Page 180 and 181: COMMON statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 182 and 183: COS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
Page 184 and 185: CSRLIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 186 and 187: FOR I% = 1 TO 5 I read data from fi
Page 188 and 189: DATA statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 190 and 191: DATE$ system variableFunctionSyntax
Page 192 and 193: DEF FN/END DEF statementFunctionSyn
Page 194 and 195: See AlsoExampleLOCALSHAREDSTATIC$ST
Page 196 and 197: Restrictionsvariable j's first appe
Page 198 and 199: , define segment for POKE and BSAVE
Page 200 and 201: DIM statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
Page 204 and 205: FunctionSyntaxRemarksDRAW draws sha
Page 206 and 207: RestrictionsExampleIn each instance
Page 208 and 209: ENDMEM functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 210 and 211: ENVIRON$ functionFunctionSyntaxRema
Page 212 and 213: ERADRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 214 and 215: ERDEV, ERDEV$functionsFunctionSynta
Page 216 and 217: IIan insufficient number of dataele
Page 218 and 219: EXIT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 220 and 221: PRINT RND(Dummy%)I this is the same
Page 222 and 223: FIELD statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 224 and 225: FIX functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
Page 226 and 227: The counter variable in the NEXT st
Page 228 and 229: GET statement (fiks)FunctionSyntaxR
Page 230 and 231: Turbo Basic stores the graphics dat
Page 232 and 233: CALL CreateFile, create data file,
Page 234 and 235: GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 236 and 237: IF statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksDi
Page 238 and 239: IF block statementFunctionSyntaxIF
Page 240 and 241: INCR statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 242 and 243: ExamplePRINT "Enter some characters
Page 244 and 245: INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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KEY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksK
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KEY(n) statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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KILL statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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LCASE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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LEN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
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LINE statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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UNE INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRe
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I input an entire line regardless o
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LOCAL statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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LOF functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
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LPOS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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LSET statement, FunctionSyntaxRemar
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MID$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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MKDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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Example OPEN "MKILSD.DTA" AS 11 LEN
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MTIMERfunction and statementFunctio
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OCT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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ON ERROR statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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ON/GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRema
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ON KEY(IO) GOSUB GoodByeI turn FlO
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ON PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRema
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ON STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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ON TIMER statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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See AlsoExampleThe two forms of the
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, move the file pOinter to the end
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See AlsoExampleThe msec argument of
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OUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
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For example, the following pattern
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PALETTE, PALETTE USING statementsFu
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PEEK functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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PEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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See AlsoExampleMF"Music Foreground"
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POINT functianFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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POS functianFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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PRINT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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PRINT # and PRINT # USING statement
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PRINT USING statementFunctionSyntax
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PSET statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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PUT statement (graphics)FunctionSyn
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PUT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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READ statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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ExampleDEFINT a-zDIM a(100)DIM Fill
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RESET 'statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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RESUME statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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RIGHT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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RND functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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RUN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
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SCREEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SEEK statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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SELECT statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SHARED statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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SPACE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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SQRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksExa
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STICK/unctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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STR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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SUB/END SUB, SUB INLINE statements,
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See AlsoExamplecreates three local
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SYSTEM statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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TAN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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TIMER functionFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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THON and THOFF commandsFunctionSynt
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UBOUND functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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VAL functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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VARPTR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
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VIEW statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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WAlT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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Example I set the value of I to 0I
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Example, set to medium resolution g
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See Alsocreates a 4 trillion point
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WRITE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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A p p E N o x ANumeric Consideratio
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And -531 decimal equals two's compl
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Increasing SignificanceWord '-1 S-I
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A p p E N D x BEvent TrappingTurbo
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DispHelpText:oldcsrx = POS(O) : old
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A p p E N o x cAssembly Language In
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The CALL INTERRUPT StatementThe CAL
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As an example, function FNFreeSpace
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4,5: Number of elements in the arra
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INLINE Assembly ExampleSuppose you
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A p p E N D x DComparing Turbo Basi
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MOTORThe cassette port has not prov
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Structured StatementsIn an enhancem
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Compiler ImplementationCompiler imp
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A p p E N D x EError MessagesThere
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• Trying to perform invalid mathe
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62 Input past endYou tried to read
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403 $IF nesting overflow·Condition
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428 Numeric scalar variable expecte
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453 Undefined name constantYou used
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476 CLEAR parameter error - use MEM
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499 Destination file write errorWhi
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A p p E N D x FReference MaterialsT
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Extended Key CodesExtended key code
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Table F-3 Keyboard Scan CodesKey Sc
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A p p E N D x GA DOS PrimerIf you a
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There's one thing you need to remem
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"Where Am If The $p $g PromptYou pr
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• To move to the root directory:
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A p p E N o x HSummary of Functions
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Error HandlingERADRERDEV/ERRDEV$ERL
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GraphicsCIRCLEDRAWLINEPAINTPEEKPEN
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Metastatements$COM$DYNAMIC$EVENT$IF
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ScreenCLSCOLORCOLORCSRLINLOCATEPOSS
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A p p E N D x ICustomizing Turho Ba
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Once you press Enter to modify a ke
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Color Display ModeTurbo Basic will
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Index457
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CHR$ function, 148and ASC, 131and P
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GGET statement (files), 106, 108, 1
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ON COM(n) statement, 270ON ERROR st
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Statements, 59-60Static arrays, 76a
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BorlandSoftwareINTERNATIONAL 4585 S
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The Organizer For The Computer Age!
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1 : 'rl'~ _AIASEIThe high-performan
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If you use an IBM® PC, you needT U
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Version 3.0 with 8081 support and B
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nIRBO PASCAl.DATARJlSE100tsox®Is T
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mRBOPASCAl..EDJ2OR 2t:ol,BOX®It's
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GAM.EWo.Rrcs®~.2VR80,PASCA£' ,Sec
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"'" ",,,,,D.-Enhances Turbo Prolog
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Includes treeMicroCalc spreadsheetw
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l,rIIEl; 111 IA1AIA"~rj • • AIA
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BorlandSoftwareOBDBll fODAY_______j
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YOUNprobably know us for our Turbo
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