Turbo Basic

More documents

Recommendations

Info

When a run-time error occurs, Turbo Basic tells you the type of error (always innumeric form, and in words if launched from within Turbo· Basic) as well as thevalue in the processor's program counter at the time of the error.By recompiling, Turbo Basic is able to calculate the point in a source programcorresponding to a run-time address in an object program. For example, considerprogram TEST.BAS:x = 256PRINT CHR$(x)Although this program is syntactically correct, and will therefore compile successfully,a run-time error will be generated when the system attempts to print acharacter with an ASCII value of 256:Error 5 Illegal function call at pgm-ctr: 29The Run-time error option uses this program counter value to find the statementthat caused the error.57
58 Turbo Basic Owner's Handbook
Page 2:
Turbo Basic ~Owner;'s HandbookCopyr
Page 5 and 6:
A First Program ...................
Page 7 and 8:
Nondelimited Sequential Files .....
Page 9 and 10:
GOSUB statement ...................
Page 11 and 12:
RSET statement ....................
Page 14 and 15:
Output ............................
Page 16 and 17:
IntroductionTurbo Basic is a self-c
Page 18 and 19:
TypographyThe body of this manual i
Page 20 and 21:
c H A p T E R 1About BASICLike Main
Page 22 and 23: soon as you press the Enter key (th
Page 24 and 25: Turbo Basic's enormous compilation
Page 26 and 27: c H A p T E R 2Touring Turbo BasicT
Page 28 and 29: your AUTO EXEC. BAT file (see Appen
Page 30 and 31: • Run to execute programs or comp
Page 32 and 33: Block operations can be performed w
Page 34 and 35: _ •. --------------------",Turbo
Page 36 and 37: As its name implies, the selections
Page 38 and 39: I..ILI 1 •••••roaa=lfte(I
Page 40 and 41: Use the Directory option in the Fil
Page 42 and 43: The System WindowsTurbo Basic provi
Page 44 and 45: c H A p T E R 3Turbo Basic: The Pro
Page 46 and 47: The editor uses approximately 50 co
Page 48 and 49: Basic Movement CommarulsHere are so
Page 50 and 51: Use Overwrite mode to replace old t
Page 52 and 53: Miscellaneous Editing CommandsThis
Page 54 and 55: When the search string is specifIed
Page 56 and 57: The CompilerTurbo Basic's compiler
Page 58 and 59: Turbo Basic's context-sensitive hel
Page 60 and 61: Be certain to choose unique file na
Page 62 and 63: detected, you are placed in the edi
Page 64 and 65: • Bounds• Overflow• Stack tes
Page 66 and 67: Note that Overflow checking occurs
Page 68 and 69: .... ---_._----- .-ltes .... 'e ---
Page 70 and 71: Save Options/Window/SetupS saves th
Page 74 and 75: c H A p T E R 4Turbo Basic: The Lan
Page 76 and 77: Examples include:SORTSUBROUTINE:Ex;
Page 78 and 79: Reseroed WordsTurbo Basic reserves
Page 80 and 81: Numbers in Turbo·BasicThe care and
Page 82 and 83: y Interpretive BASIC. (For more inf
Page 84 and 85: A numeric constant with a decimal p
Page 86 and 87: VariablesA variable is an identifie
Page 88 and 89: In an enhancement to Interpretive B
Page 90 and 91: Even though this code compiles with
Page 92 and 93: ExpressionsAn expression consists o
Page 94 and 95: Relational OperatorsRelational oper
Page 96 and 97: An OR mask sets selected bits of an
Page 98 and 99: FunctionsThere are two types of fun
Page 100 and 101: Line 170 determines the value FNFac
Page 102 and 103: Consider this program that defines
Page 104 and 105: ActionReturn a valueCalling methodP
Page 106 and 107: Doing sO'will not, however, change
Page 108 and 109: Local arrays are automatically deal
Page 110 and 111: equal to 170; 3 passes this test, s
Page 112 and 113: Note that the space character canno
Page 114 and 115: parent of this directory. For examp
Page 116 and 117: to write it all back at the end. In
Page 118 and 119: Consider the following program and
Page 120 and 121: double-precision values into Micros
Page 122 and 123:
And following is a sample program u
Page 124 and 125:
Device I/OTurbo Basic supports so-c
Page 126 and 127:
Line 1, Column 1 Columns (1-80)80~L
Page 128 and 129:
Absolute and Relative CoordinatesMo
Page 130 and 131:
c H A p T E R 5Turbo Basic Referenc
Page 132 and 133:
pathA string expression describing
Page 134 and 135:
$COM metastatementFunctionSyntaxRem
Page 136 and 137:
$EVENT metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
Page 138 and 139:
$INCLUDE metastatementFunctionSynta
Page 140 and 141:
$INLINE metastatementFunctionSyntax
Page 142 and 143:
$SOUND metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
Page 144 and 145:
$STATIC metastatementFunctionSyntax
Page 146 and 147:
ASC functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksRe
Page 148 and 149:
See AlsoExampleConvert degrees to r
Page 150 and 151:
BIN$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 152 and 153:
BSAVE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 154 and 155:
Integer% = 1Longlnt& = 2SinglePrel
Page 156 and 157:
See AlsoExampleREG as a function re
Page 158 and 159:
CDBLfunctionFunctionSyntaxRestricti
Page 160 and 161:
CHAIN statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 162 and 163:
CHDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 164 and 165:
CINT functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
Page 166 and 167:
oExampleaspect is a numeric express
Page 168 and 169:
PRINTI display no longer existing s
Page 170 and 171:
CLOSE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 172 and 173:
COLOR statement (graphics mode)Func
Page 174 and 175:
Example I This program demonstrates
Page 176 and 177:
RestrictionsBackground values of 0
Page 178 and 179:
PRINT IICOM Port input: II;ComPortI
Page 180 and 181:
COMMON statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 182 and 183:
COS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
Page 184 and 185:
CSRLIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 186 and 187:
FOR I% = 1 TO 5 I read data from fi
Page 188 and 189:
DATA statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 190 and 191:
DATE$ system variableFunctionSyntax
Page 192 and 193:
DEF FN/END DEF statementFunctionSyn
Page 194 and 195:
See AlsoExampleLOCALSHAREDSTATIC$ST
Page 196 and 197:
Restrictionsvariable j's first appe
Page 198 and 199:
, define segment for POKE and BSAVE
Page 200 and 201:
DIM statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
Page 202 and 203:
DO/LOOP statementFunctionSyntaxDO/L
Page 204 and 205:
FunctionSyntaxRemarksDRAW draws sha
Page 206 and 207:
RestrictionsExampleIn each instance
Page 208 and 209:
ENDMEM functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 210 and 211:
ENVIRON$ functionFunctionSyntaxRema
Page 212 and 213:
ERADRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 214 and 215:
ERDEV, ERDEV$functionsFunctionSynta
Page 216 and 217:
IIan insufficient number of dataele
Page 218 and 219:
EXIT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 220 and 221:
PRINT RND(Dummy%)I this is the same
Page 222 and 223:
FIELD statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 224 and 225:
FIX functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
Page 226 and 227:
The counter variable in the NEXT st
Page 228 and 229:
GET statement (fiks)FunctionSyntaxR
Page 230 and 231:
Turbo Basic stores the graphics dat
Page 232 and 233:
CALL CreateFile, create data file,
Page 234 and 235:
GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 236 and 237:
IF statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksDi
Page 238 and 239:
IF block statementFunctionSyntaxIF
Page 240 and 241:
INCR statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 242 and 243:
ExamplePRINT "Enter some characters
Page 244 and 245:
INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 246 and 247:
I read a line of text from theI seq
Page 248 and 249:
INS TAT functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 250 and 251:
INT function.FunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 252 and 253:
KEY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksK
Page 254 and 255:
KEY(n) statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 256 and 257:
KILL statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 258 and 259:
LCASE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 260 and 261:
LEN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
Page 262 and 263:
LINE statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 264 and 265:
UNE INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRe
Page 266 and 267:
I input an entire line regardless o
Page 268 and 269:
LOCAL statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 270 and 271:
LOF functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
Page 272 and 273:
LPOS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 274 and 275:
LSET statement, FunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 276 and 277:
MID$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 278 and 279:
MKDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 280 and 281:
Example OPEN "MKILSD.DTA" AS 11 LEN
Page 282 and 283:
MTIMERfunction and statementFunctio
Page 284 and 285:
OCT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 286 and 287:
ON ERROR statementFunctionSyntaxRem
Page 288 and 289:
ON/GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRema
Page 290 and 291:
ON KEY(IO) GOSUB GoodByeI turn FlO
Page 292 and 293:
ON PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRema
Page 294 and 295:
ON STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRem
Page 296 and 297:
ON TIMER statementFunctionSyntaxRem
Page 298 and 299:
See AlsoExampleThe two forms of the
Page 300 and 301:
, move the file pOinter to the end
Page 302 and 303:
See AlsoExampleThe msec argument of
Page 304 and 305:
OUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
Page 306 and 307:
For example, the following pattern
Page 308 and 309:
PALETTE, PALETTE USING statementsFu
Page 310 and 311:
PEEK functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 312 and 313:
PEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 314 and 315:
PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 316 and 317:
See AlsoExampleMF"Music Foreground"
Page 318 and 319:
POINT functianFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 320 and 321:
POS functianFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
Page 322 and 323:
PRINT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 324 and 325:
PRINT # and PRINT # USING statement
Page 326 and 327:
PRINT USING statementFunctionSyntax
Page 328 and 329:
PSET statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 330 and 331:
PUT statement (graphics)FunctionSyn
Page 332 and 333:
PUT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 334 and 335:
READ statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 336 and 337:
ExampleDEFINT a-zDIM a(100)DIM Fill
Page 338 and 339:
RESET 'statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 340 and 341:
RESUME statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 342 and 343:
RIGHT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 344 and 345:
RND functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
Page 346 and 347:
RUN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
Page 348 and 349:
SCREEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 350 and 351:
SEEK statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 352 and 353:
SELECT statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 354 and 355:
SHARED statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 356 and 357:
SIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
Page 358 and 359:
SPACE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 360 and 361:
SQRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksExa
Page 362 and 363:
STICK/unctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 364 and 365:
STR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 366 and 367:
STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 368 and 369:
SUB/END SUB, SUB INLINE statements,
Page 370 and 371:
See AlsoExamplecreates three local
Page 372 and 373:
SYSTEM statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 374 and 375:
TAN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
Page 376 and 377:
TIMER functionFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 378 and 379:
THON and THOFF commandsFunctionSynt
Page 380 and 381:
UBOUND functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 382 and 383:
VAL functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
Page 384 and 385:
VARPTR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 386 and 387:
VIEW statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 388 and 389:
WAlT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 390 and 391:
Example I set the value of I to 0I
Page 392 and 393:
Example, set to medium resolution g
Page 394 and 395:
See Alsocreates a 4 trillion point
Page 396 and 397:
WRITE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 398 and 399:
A p p E N o x ANumeric Consideratio
Page 400 and 401:
And -531 decimal equals two's compl
Page 402 and 403:
Increasing SignificanceWord '-1 S-I
Page 404 and 405:
A p p E N D x BEvent TrappingTurbo
Page 406 and 407:
DispHelpText:oldcsrx = POS(O) : old
Page 408 and 409:
A p p E N o x cAssembly Language In
Page 410 and 411:
The CALL INTERRUPT StatementThe CAL
Page 412 and 413:
As an example, function FNFreeSpace
Page 414 and 415:
4,5: Number of elements in the arra
Page 416 and 417:
INLINE Assembly ExampleSuppose you
Page 418 and 419:
A p p E N D x DComparing Turbo Basi
Page 420 and 421:
MOTORThe cassette port has not prov
Page 422 and 423:
Structured StatementsIn an enhancem
Page 424 and 425:
Compiler ImplementationCompiler imp
Page 426 and 427:
A p p E N D x EError MessagesThere
Page 428 and 429:
• Trying to perform invalid mathe
Page 430 and 431:
62 Input past endYou tried to read
Page 432 and 433:
403 $IF nesting overflow·Condition
Page 434 and 435:
428 Numeric scalar variable expecte
Page 436 and 437:
453 Undefined name constantYou used
Page 438 and 439:
476 CLEAR parameter error - use MEM
Page 440 and 441:
499 Destination file write errorWhi
Page 442 and 443:
A p p E N D x FReference MaterialsT
Page 444 and 445:
Extended Key CodesExtended key code
Page 446 and 447:
Table F-3 Keyboard Scan CodesKey Sc
Page 448 and 449:
A p p E N D x GA DOS PrimerIf you a
Page 450 and 451:
There's one thing you need to remem
Page 452 and 453:
"Where Am If The $p $g PromptYou pr
Page 454 and 455:
• To move to the root directory:
Page 456 and 457:
A p p E N o x HSummary of Functions
Page 458 and 459:
Error HandlingERADRERDEV/ERRDEV$ERL
Page 460 and 461:
GraphicsCIRCLEDRAWLINEPAINTPEEKPEN
Page 462 and 463:
Metastatements$COM$DYNAMIC$EVENT$IF
Page 464 and 465:
ScreenCLSCOLORCOLORCSRLINLOCATEPOSS
Page 466 and 467:
A p p E N D x ICustomizing Turho Ba
Page 468 and 469:
Once you press Enter to modify a ke
Page 470 and 471:
Color Display ModeTurbo Basic will
Page 472 and 473:
Index457
Page 474 and 475:
CHR$ function, 148and ASC, 131and P
Page 476 and 477:
GGET statement (files), 106, 108, 1
Page 478 and 479:
ON COM(n) statement, 270ON ERROR st
Page 480 and 481:
Statements, 59-60Static arrays, 76a
Page 482 and 483:
BorlandSoftwareINTERNATIONAL 4585 S
Page 484 and 485:
The Organizer For The Computer Age!
Page 486 and 487:
1 : 'rl'~ _AIASEIThe high-performan
Page 488 and 489:
If you use an IBM® PC, you needT U
Page 490 and 491:
Version 3.0 with 8081 support and B
Page 492 and 493:
nIRBO PASCAl.DATARJlSE100tsox®Is T
Page 494 and 495:
mRBOPASCAl..EDJ2OR 2t:ol,BOX®It's
Page 496 and 497:
GAM.EWo.Rrcs®~.2VR80,PASCA£' ,Sec
Page 498 and 499:
"'" ",,,,,D.-Enhances Turbo Prolog
Page 500 and 501:
Includes treeMicroCalc spreadsheetw
Page 502 and 503:
l,rIIEl; 111 IA1AIA"~rj • • AIA
Page 504:
BorlandSoftwareOBDBll fODAY_______j
Page 508:
YOUNprobably know us for our Turbo
show all

Turbo Basic

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?