Turbo Basic

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A p p E N D x ICustomizing Turho BasicThe program TBINST.COM lets you do four things:• set up a path to your help and setup files• customize your keyboard• modify your default edit modes• set up your default screen modeIf you want to store your help (TBHELP.TBH) and/or setup files (TBCONFIG.TB) on a directory other than the one where you have TB.EXE, you'lf need to usethe Turbo Basic directory option to set a path to those files.If you're either unfamiliar with Turbo Basic's editor or inexorably tied to anothereditor, you can use the Editor commands option to reconfigure (customize) theeditor keystrokes to your liking.You can use the Default edit mode option to set several defaults for the editor:insert or overwrite mode, tabs,· and auto-indenting.And, finally, you can set up the display mode that Turbo Basic will use when it isin operation.451
Running TBINSTTo get started, type TBINSTat the-DOS prompt. The first menu lets you select theTurbo Basic .directory,. Editor commands,. Default edit modes, Screen mode, orQuit. You can either press the highIighted capital letter' of the preferred option oruse the Up and Down arrow keys to move to your selection and then press Enter; forinstance, press 0 to modify the Default edit modes. In general, pressing Esc willeventually return you to the main screen.The Turbo Basic Directory· OptionThe Turbo Basic directory option is really only useful for hard disk users. You'll usethis option to specify a path to your configuration files, so that these files will beaccessible from wherever you call up Turbo Basic (assuming' that you set up a pathstatement for Turbo.Basic).When you select the Turbo Basic directory option, you're prompted to enter thefull path to your Turbo directory. (This is where your .configuration files are. kept;see the Directories option in the Setup pull-down menu in Chapter 3). For exam- .pIe, if you want· to keep the. configuration files in a subdirectory of Borland products,you might type for your path nameC:\BORLAND\BASICAfter entering a path~ press Enter to accept it and the main menu will redisplay.When you exit the program, you're prompted whether or not to save the changes.Once you save the path, thelocation is written to disk. (Note that the 25th line tells.you which keystrokes to use when you're in this screen.)The Editor Command OptionThis option allows you to change the default keys that you use while you're in the.Turbo Basic editor. To modify the Editor commands, press E. or move the selectionbar to the option and press Enter. The help· line at .the top of the screen shows youwhich keys to use to move 'around and make changes. Most of these commands·aresimply movement commands; however,the R option is useful when you want torestore the keystrokes to their factory defaults. You'll notice that you can only modifythe secondary, or highlighted, keystrokes.452 Turbo Basic Owner's Handbook
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Turbo Basic ~Owner;'s HandbookCopyr
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A First Program ...................
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Nondelimited Sequential Files .....
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GOSUB statement ...................
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RSET statement ....................
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Output ............................
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IntroductionTurbo Basic is a self-c
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TypographyThe body of this manual i
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c H A p T E R 1About BASICLike Main
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soon as you press the Enter key (th
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Turbo Basic's enormous compilation
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c H A p T E R 2Touring Turbo BasicT
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your AUTO EXEC. BAT file (see Appen
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• Run to execute programs or comp
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Block operations can be performed w
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_ •. --------------------",Turbo
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As its name implies, the selections
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I..ILI 1 •••••roaa=lfte(I
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Use the Directory option in the Fil
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The System WindowsTurbo Basic provi
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c H A p T E R 3Turbo Basic: The Pro
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The editor uses approximately 50 co
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Basic Movement CommarulsHere are so
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Use Overwrite mode to replace old t
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Miscellaneous Editing CommandsThis
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When the search string is specifIed
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The CompilerTurbo Basic's compiler
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Turbo Basic's context-sensitive hel
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Be certain to choose unique file na
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detected, you are placed in the edi
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• Bounds• Overflow• Stack tes
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Note that Overflow checking occurs
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.... ---_._----- .-ltes .... 'e ---
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Save Options/Window/SetupS saves th
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When a run-time error occurs, Turbo
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c H A p T E R 4Turbo Basic: The Lan
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Examples include:SORTSUBROUTINE:Ex;
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Reseroed WordsTurbo Basic reserves
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Numbers in Turbo·BasicThe care and
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y Interpretive BASIC. (For more inf
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A numeric constant with a decimal p
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VariablesA variable is an identifie
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In an enhancement to Interpretive B
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Even though this code compiles with
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ExpressionsAn expression consists o
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Relational OperatorsRelational oper
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An OR mask sets selected bits of an
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FunctionsThere are two types of fun
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Line 170 determines the value FNFac
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Consider this program that defines
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ActionReturn a valueCalling methodP
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Doing sO'will not, however, change
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Local arrays are automatically deal
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equal to 170; 3 passes this test, s
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Note that the space character canno
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parent of this directory. For examp
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to write it all back at the end. In
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Consider the following program and
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double-precision values into Micros
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And following is a sample program u
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Device I/OTurbo Basic supports so-c
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Line 1, Column 1 Columns (1-80)80~L
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Absolute and Relative CoordinatesMo
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c H A p T E R 5Turbo Basic Referenc
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pathA string expression describing
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$COM metastatementFunctionSyntaxRem
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$EVENT metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$INCLUDE metastatementFunctionSynta
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$INLINE metastatementFunctionSyntax
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$SOUND metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$STATIC metastatementFunctionSyntax
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ASC functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksRe
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See AlsoExampleConvert degrees to r
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BIN$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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BSAVE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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Integer% = 1Longlnt& = 2SinglePrel
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See AlsoExampleREG as a function re
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CDBLfunctionFunctionSyntaxRestricti
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CHAIN statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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CHDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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CINT functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
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oExampleaspect is a numeric express
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PRINTI display no longer existing s
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CLOSE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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COLOR statement (graphics mode)Func
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Example I This program demonstrates
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RestrictionsBackground values of 0
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PRINT IICOM Port input: II;ComPortI
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COMMON statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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COS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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CSRLIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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FOR I% = 1 TO 5 I read data from fi
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DATA statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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DATE$ system variableFunctionSyntax
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DEF FN/END DEF statementFunctionSyn
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See AlsoExampleLOCALSHAREDSTATIC$ST
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Restrictionsvariable j's first appe
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, define segment for POKE and BSAVE
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DIM statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
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DO/LOOP statementFunctionSyntaxDO/L
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FunctionSyntaxRemarksDRAW draws sha
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RestrictionsExampleIn each instance
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ENDMEM functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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ENVIRON$ functionFunctionSyntaxRema
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ERADRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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ERDEV, ERDEV$functionsFunctionSynta
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IIan insufficient number of dataele
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EXIT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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PRINT RND(Dummy%)I this is the same
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FIELD statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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FIX functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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The counter variable in the NEXT st
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GET statement (fiks)FunctionSyntaxR
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Turbo Basic stores the graphics dat
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CALL CreateFile, create data file,
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GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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IF statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksDi
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IF block statementFunctionSyntaxIF
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INCR statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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ExamplePRINT "Enter some characters
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INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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I read a line of text from theI seq
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INS TAT functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
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INT function.FunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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KEY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksK
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KEY(n) statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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KILL statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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LCASE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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LEN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
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LINE statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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UNE INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRe
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I input an entire line regardless o
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LOCAL statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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LOF functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
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LPOS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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LSET statement, FunctionSyntaxRemar
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MID$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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MKDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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Example OPEN "MKILSD.DTA" AS 11 LEN
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MTIMERfunction and statementFunctio
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OCT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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ON ERROR statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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ON/GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRema
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ON KEY(IO) GOSUB GoodByeI turn FlO
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ON PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRema
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ON STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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ON TIMER statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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See AlsoExampleThe two forms of the
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, move the file pOinter to the end
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See AlsoExampleThe msec argument of
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OUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
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For example, the following pattern
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PALETTE, PALETTE USING statementsFu
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PEEK functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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PEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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See AlsoExampleMF"Music Foreground"
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POINT functianFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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POS functianFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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PRINT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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PRINT # and PRINT # USING statement
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PRINT USING statementFunctionSyntax
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PSET statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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PUT statement (graphics)FunctionSyn
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PUT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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READ statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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ExampleDEFINT a-zDIM a(100)DIM Fill
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RESET 'statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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RESUME statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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RIGHT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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RND functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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RUN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
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SCREEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SEEK statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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SELECT statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SHARED statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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SPACE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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SQRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksExa
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STICK/unctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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STR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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SUB/END SUB, SUB INLINE statements,
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See AlsoExamplecreates three local
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SYSTEM statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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TAN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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TIMER functionFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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THON and THOFF commandsFunctionSynt
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UBOUND functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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VAL functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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VARPTR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
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VIEW statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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WAlT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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Example I set the value of I to 0I
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Example, set to medium resolution g
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See Alsocreates a 4 trillion point
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WRITE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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A p p E N o x ANumeric Consideratio
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And -531 decimal equals two's compl
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Increasing SignificanceWord '-1 S-I
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A p p E N D x BEvent TrappingTurbo
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DispHelpText:oldcsrx = POS(O) : old
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A p p E N o x cAssembly Language In
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The CALL INTERRUPT StatementThe CAL
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As an example, function FNFreeSpace
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4,5: Number of elements in the arra
Page 416 and 417: INLINE Assembly ExampleSuppose you
Page 418 and 419: A p p E N D x DComparing Turbo Basi
Page 420 and 421: MOTORThe cassette port has not prov
Page 422 and 423: Structured StatementsIn an enhancem
Page 424 and 425: Compiler ImplementationCompiler imp
Page 426 and 427: A p p E N D x EError MessagesThere
Page 428 and 429: • Trying to perform invalid mathe
Page 430 and 431: 62 Input past endYou tried to read
Page 432 and 433: 403 $IF nesting overflow·Condition
Page 434 and 435: 428 Numeric scalar variable expecte
Page 436 and 437: 453 Undefined name constantYou used
Page 438 and 439: 476 CLEAR parameter error - use MEM
Page 440 and 441: 499 Destination file write errorWhi
Page 442 and 443: A p p E N D x FReference MaterialsT
Page 444 and 445: Extended Key CodesExtended key code
Page 446 and 447: Table F-3 Keyboard Scan CodesKey Sc
Page 448 and 449: A p p E N D x GA DOS PrimerIf you a
Page 450 and 451: There's one thing you need to remem
Page 452 and 453: "Where Am If The $p $g PromptYou pr
Page 454 and 455: • To move to the root directory:
Page 456 and 457: A p p E N o x HSummary of Functions
Page 458 and 459: Error HandlingERADRERDEV/ERRDEV$ERL
Page 460 and 461: GraphicsCIRCLEDRAWLINEPAINTPEEKPEN
Page 462 and 463: Metastatements$COM$DYNAMIC$EVENT$IF
Page 464 and 465: ScreenCLSCOLORCOLORCSRLINLOCATEPOSS
Page 468 and 469: Once you press Enter to modify a ke
Page 470 and 471: Color Display ModeTurbo Basic will
Page 472 and 473: Index457
Page 474 and 475: CHR$ function, 148and ASC, 131and P
Page 476 and 477: GGET statement (files), 106, 108, 1
Page 478 and 479: ON COM(n) statement, 270ON ERROR st
Page 480 and 481: Statements, 59-60Static arrays, 76a
Page 482 and 483: BorlandSoftwareINTERNATIONAL 4585 S
Page 484 and 485: The Organizer For The Computer Age!
Page 486 and 487: 1 : 'rl'~ _AIASEIThe high-performan
Page 488 and 489: If you use an IBM® PC, you needT U
Page 490 and 491: Version 3.0 with 8081 support and B
Page 492 and 493: nIRBO PASCAl.DATARJlSE100tsox®Is T
Page 494 and 495: mRBOPASCAl..EDJ2OR 2t:ol,BOX®It's
Page 496 and 497: GAM.EWo.Rrcs®~.2VR80,PASCA£' ,Sec
Page 498 and 499: "'" ",,,,,D.-Enhances Turbo Prolog
Page 500 and 501: Includes treeMicroCalc spreadsheetw
Page 502 and 503: l,rIIEl; 111 IA1AIA"~rj • • AIA
Page 504: BorlandSoftwareOBDBll fODAY_______j
Page 508: YOUNprobably know us for our Turbo
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Turbo Basic

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