Turbo Basic

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LINE statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksLINE draws a straight line or an optionally filled box.LINE [(xl,yl)] - (x2,y2) [, [color] [,B[F]] [,pattern]](xl,yl) and (x2,y2) are the coordinates of two points on the graphicsscreen and can be specified in either absolute or relative form. (SeeChapter 4 for more information about absolute and relative coordinates.)color is an integer expression describing the color in whichthe line or box should be drawn. pattern is an integer mask controllinghow the line or box is drawn.To draw a line to point (x,y) from the LPR in the default color,typeLINE -(x,y)To draw that same line in a different color, typeLINE -(x,y), 2To draw a line from point (xl,yl) to point (x2,y2), typeLINE (xl,yl) - (x2,y2)To draw a box with upper left comer (xl,yl) and lower rightcomer (x2,y2), typeLINE (xl,yl) - (x2,y2)"BTo fill a box with attribute 2, typeLINE (xl,yl) - (x2,y2),2,BFSee AlsoTo draw a nonsolid line, include the pattern argument. For example,to create a dotted line. use a pattern value of &HAAAA (10101010 1010 1010 binary). Note that pattern does not affect filledboxes.LINE (xl,yl) - (x2,y2)",maskwordAfter a LINE statement, the LPR becomes the second of the twopoints in the LINE statement.FILLTurbo Basic Reference Directory 247
ExampleI draw a diagonal line across the screenSCREEN 1,0LINE (0,0) - (319,199)I draw a horizontal dashed lineLINE (O,100) - (319,100)",&HCCCCI draw a 50 pixel square filled with color 2I and the upper left-hand corner at (10,20)LINE (10,20) - (60,70), 2, BFI play connect the dotsREAD X,VPSET (X,V) 'set the LPRFOR N = 1 TO 11READ X,VLINE -eX, Y)NEXT NLOCATE 9,9PRINT "ORLAND"END I end the programDATA 10,20, 50,20, 55,25, 55,40, 50,45, 10,45DATA 50,45, 55,50, 55,65, 50,70, 10,70, 10,20248Turbo Basic Owner's Handbook
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Turbo Basic ~Owner;'s HandbookCopyr
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A First Program ...................
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Nondelimited Sequential Files .....
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GOSUB statement ...................
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RSET statement ....................
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Output ............................
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IntroductionTurbo Basic is a self-c
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TypographyThe body of this manual i
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c H A p T E R 1About BASICLike Main
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soon as you press the Enter key (th
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Turbo Basic's enormous compilation
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c H A p T E R 2Touring Turbo BasicT
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your AUTO EXEC. BAT file (see Appen
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• Run to execute programs or comp
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Block operations can be performed w
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_ •. --------------------",Turbo
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As its name implies, the selections
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I..ILI 1 •••••roaa=lfte(I
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Use the Directory option in the Fil
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The System WindowsTurbo Basic provi
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c H A p T E R 3Turbo Basic: The Pro
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The editor uses approximately 50 co
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Basic Movement CommarulsHere are so
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Use Overwrite mode to replace old t
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Miscellaneous Editing CommandsThis
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When the search string is specifIed
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The CompilerTurbo Basic's compiler
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Turbo Basic's context-sensitive hel
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Be certain to choose unique file na
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detected, you are placed in the edi
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• Bounds• Overflow• Stack tes
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Note that Overflow checking occurs
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.... ---_._----- .-ltes .... 'e ---
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Save Options/Window/SetupS saves th
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When a run-time error occurs, Turbo
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c H A p T E R 4Turbo Basic: The Lan
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Examples include:SORTSUBROUTINE:Ex;
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Reseroed WordsTurbo Basic reserves
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Numbers in Turbo·BasicThe care and
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y Interpretive BASIC. (For more inf
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A numeric constant with a decimal p
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VariablesA variable is an identifie
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In an enhancement to Interpretive B
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Even though this code compiles with
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ExpressionsAn expression consists o
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Relational OperatorsRelational oper
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An OR mask sets selected bits of an
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FunctionsThere are two types of fun
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Line 170 determines the value FNFac
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Consider this program that defines
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ActionReturn a valueCalling methodP
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Doing sO'will not, however, change
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Local arrays are automatically deal
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equal to 170; 3 passes this test, s
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Note that the space character canno
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parent of this directory. For examp
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to write it all back at the end. In
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Consider the following program and
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double-precision values into Micros
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And following is a sample program u
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Device I/OTurbo Basic supports so-c
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Line 1, Column 1 Columns (1-80)80~L
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Absolute and Relative CoordinatesMo
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c H A p T E R 5Turbo Basic Referenc
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pathA string expression describing
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$COM metastatementFunctionSyntaxRem
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$EVENT metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$INCLUDE metastatementFunctionSynta
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$INLINE metastatementFunctionSyntax
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$SOUND metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$STATIC metastatementFunctionSyntax
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ASC functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksRe
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See AlsoExampleConvert degrees to r
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BIN$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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BSAVE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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Integer% = 1Longlnt& = 2SinglePrel
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See AlsoExampleREG as a function re
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CDBLfunctionFunctionSyntaxRestricti
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CHAIN statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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CHDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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CINT functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
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oExampleaspect is a numeric express
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PRINTI display no longer existing s
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CLOSE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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COLOR statement (graphics mode)Func
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Example I This program demonstrates
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RestrictionsBackground values of 0
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PRINT IICOM Port input: II;ComPortI
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COMMON statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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COS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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CSRLIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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FOR I% = 1 TO 5 I read data from fi
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DATA statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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DATE$ system variableFunctionSyntax
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DEF FN/END DEF statementFunctionSyn
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See AlsoExampleLOCALSHAREDSTATIC$ST
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Restrictionsvariable j's first appe
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, define segment for POKE and BSAVE
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DIM statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
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DO/LOOP statementFunctionSyntaxDO/L
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FunctionSyntaxRemarksDRAW draws sha
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RestrictionsExampleIn each instance
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ENDMEM functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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ENVIRON$ functionFunctionSyntaxRema
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Page 214 and 215: ERDEV, ERDEV$functionsFunctionSynta
Page 216 and 217: IIan insufficient number of dataele
Page 218 and 219: EXIT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 220 and 221: PRINT RND(Dummy%)I this is the same
Page 222 and 223: FIELD statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 224 and 225: FIX functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
Page 226 and 227: The counter variable in the NEXT st
Page 228 and 229: GET statement (fiks)FunctionSyntaxR
Page 230 and 231: Turbo Basic stores the graphics dat
Page 232 and 233: CALL CreateFile, create data file,
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Page 236 and 237: IF statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksDi
Page 238 and 239: IF block statementFunctionSyntaxIF
Page 240 and 241: INCR statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 242 and 243: ExamplePRINT "Enter some characters
Page 244 and 245: INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 246 and 247: I read a line of text from theI seq
Page 248 and 249: INS TAT functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 250 and 251: INT function.FunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 252 and 253: KEY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksK
Page 254 and 255: KEY(n) statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 256 and 257: KILL statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 258 and 259: LCASE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 260 and 261: LEN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
Page 264 and 265: UNE INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRe
Page 266 and 267: I input an entire line regardless o
Page 268 and 269: LOCAL statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 270 and 271: LOF functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
Page 272 and 273: LPOS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 274 and 275: LSET statement, FunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 276 and 277: MID$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 278 and 279: MKDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 280 and 281: Example OPEN "MKILSD.DTA" AS 11 LEN
Page 282 and 283: MTIMERfunction and statementFunctio
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Page 286 and 287: ON ERROR statementFunctionSyntaxRem
Page 288 and 289: ON/GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRema
Page 290 and 291: ON KEY(IO) GOSUB GoodByeI turn FlO
Page 292 and 293: ON PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRema
Page 294 and 295: ON STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRem
Page 296 and 297: ON TIMER statementFunctionSyntaxRem
Page 298 and 299: See AlsoExampleThe two forms of the
Page 300 and 301: , move the file pOinter to the end
Page 302 and 303: See AlsoExampleThe msec argument of
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Page 306 and 307: For example, the following pattern
Page 308 and 309: PALETTE, PALETTE USING statementsFu
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PEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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See AlsoExampleMF"Music Foreground"
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POINT functianFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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POS functianFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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PRINT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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PRINT # and PRINT # USING statement
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PRINT USING statementFunctionSyntax
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PSET statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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PUT statement (graphics)FunctionSyn
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PUT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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READ statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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ExampleDEFINT a-zDIM a(100)DIM Fill
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RESET 'statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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RESUME statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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RIGHT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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RND functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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RUN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
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SCREEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SEEK statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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SELECT statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SHARED statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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SPACE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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SQRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksExa
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STICK/unctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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STR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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SUB/END SUB, SUB INLINE statements,
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See AlsoExamplecreates three local
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SYSTEM statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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TAN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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TIMER functionFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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THON and THOFF commandsFunctionSynt
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UBOUND functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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VAL functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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VARPTR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
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VIEW statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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WAlT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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Example I set the value of I to 0I
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Example, set to medium resolution g
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See Alsocreates a 4 trillion point
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WRITE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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A p p E N o x ANumeric Consideratio
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And -531 decimal equals two's compl
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Increasing SignificanceWord '-1 S-I
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A p p E N D x BEvent TrappingTurbo
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DispHelpText:oldcsrx = POS(O) : old
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A p p E N o x cAssembly Language In
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The CALL INTERRUPT StatementThe CAL
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As an example, function FNFreeSpace
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4,5: Number of elements in the arra
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INLINE Assembly ExampleSuppose you
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A p p E N D x DComparing Turbo Basi
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MOTORThe cassette port has not prov
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Structured StatementsIn an enhancem
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Compiler ImplementationCompiler imp
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A p p E N D x EError MessagesThere
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• Trying to perform invalid mathe
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62 Input past endYou tried to read
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403 $IF nesting overflow·Condition
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428 Numeric scalar variable expecte
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453 Undefined name constantYou used
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476 CLEAR parameter error - use MEM
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499 Destination file write errorWhi
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A p p E N D x FReference MaterialsT
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Extended Key CodesExtended key code
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Table F-3 Keyboard Scan CodesKey Sc
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A p p E N D x GA DOS PrimerIf you a
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There's one thing you need to remem
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"Where Am If The $p $g PromptYou pr
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• To move to the root directory:
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A p p E N o x HSummary of Functions
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Error HandlingERADRERDEV/ERRDEV$ERL
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GraphicsCIRCLEDRAWLINEPAINTPEEKPEN
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Metastatements$COM$DYNAMIC$EVENT$IF
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ScreenCLSCOLORCOLORCSRLINLOCATEPOSS
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A p p E N D x ICustomizing Turho Ba
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Once you press Enter to modify a ke
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Color Display ModeTurbo Basic will
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Index457
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CHR$ function, 148and ASC, 131and P
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GGET statement (files), 106, 108, 1
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ON COM(n) statement, 270ON ERROR st
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Statements, 59-60Static arrays, 76a
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BorlandSoftwareINTERNATIONAL 4585 S
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The Organizer For The Computer Age!
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1 : 'rl'~ _AIASEIThe high-performan
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If you use an IBM® PC, you needT U
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Version 3.0 with 8081 support and B
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nIRBO PASCAl.DATARJlSE100tsox®Is T
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mRBOPASCAl..EDJ2OR 2t:ol,BOX®It's
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GAM.EWo.Rrcs®~.2VR80,PASCA£' ,Sec
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"'" ",,,,,D.-Enhances Turbo Prolog
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Includes treeMicroCalc spreadsheetw
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l,rIIEl; 111 IA1AIA"~rj • • AIA
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BorlandSoftwareOBDBll fODAY_______j
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YOUNprobably know us for our Turbo
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