Turbo Basic

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If you use an IBM® PC, you needT U R B 0Lightning®. Turbo Lightning teams up.with the Random HouseConcise Word List tocheck your spelling asyou type!Turbo Lightning, using theBO,OOO-word Random HouseDictionary, checks. your spellingas you type. If you misspell aword, it alerts you with a"beep." At the touch of a key,Turbo Lightning opens awindow on top of yourapplication program andsuggests the correct spelling.Just press one key and themisspelled word is instantlyreplaced with the correct word.Turbo Lightning workshand-in-hand with theRandom House Thesaurusto give· you instant accessto synonymsTurbo Lightning lets youchoose just the right word froma list of alternates, so youdon't say the same thing thesame way every time. OnceTurbo Lightning opens theThesaurus window, you see alist of alternate words; selectthe word you want, pressENTER and your new word willinstantly replace the originalword. Pure magic!If you ever write aword, think a word, orsay a word, you needTurbo LightningThe Turbo Lightning ProofreaderThe Turbo Lightning ThesaurusYou can teach TurboLightning new wordsYou can teach your new TurboLightning your name, businessassociates' names, streetnames, addresses, correctcapitalizations, and anyspecialized words you usefrequently. Teach TurboLightning once, and itknows forever.Turbo Lightning is theengine that powersBorland's Turbo LightningLibrary®Turbo Lightning bringselectronic power to theRandom House Concise WordList and Random HouseThesaurus. They're at yourfingertips-even while you'rerunning other programs. TurboLightning will also "drive"soon-to-be-releasedencyclopedias, extendedthesauruses, specializeddictionaries, and many otherpopular reference works. Youget a head start with thisfirst volume in the TurboLightning Library.Suggested Retail Price: $99.95 (not copy protected)Minimum system configuration: IBM PC, Xl, Al, PCjr, and true compatibles with 2 floppy disk drives. PC-DOS (MS-DOS) 2.0 or greater.256K RAM. Hard disk recommended.BORLANDINTERNATIONALTurbo Lightning and Turbo Lightning Library are registered trademarks 01 Borland InternatIOnal. IncIBM. XT. AT, and PCjr are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp. RandomHouse is a registered trademark of Random House, Inc Copyright 1987 Borland InternationalBOR 0070B
Your Development Toolbox and Technical Reference Manual for Thrbo Lightning®l I G H T N I N GLightning Word Wizard includes complete, commented .. TurboPascal® source code and all the technical information you'llneed to understand and work with Turbo Lightning's "engine."More than 20 fully documented Turbo Pascal proceduresreveal powerful Turbo Lightning engine calls. Harness the full powerof the complete and authoritative'Random House® ConciseWord List and Random House Thesaurus.Turbo Lightning's "ReferenceManual"Developers can use the versatile on-lineexamples to harness Turbo Lightning'spower to do rapid word searches. LightningWord Wizard is the forerunner of the databaseaccess systems that will incorporateand engineer the Turbo Lightning Library®of electronic reference works.The ultimate collection of wordgames and crossword solvers!The excitement, challenge, competition,and education of four games and threesolver utilities-puzzles, scrambles, spellsearches,synonym-seekings, hidden words,crossword solutions, and more. You andyour friends (up to four people total)· canset the difficulty level and contest the highspeedsmarts of Lightning Word Wizard!Turbo Lightning-Critics' Choice"Lightning's good enough to make programmers and users cheer, executives of othersoftware companies weep."Jim Seymour, PC Week"The real future of Lightning clearly lies not with the spelling checker and thesaurus currentlyincluded, but with other uses of its powerful look-up engine." Ted Silveira, Profiles"This newest product from Borland has it all."Don Roy, 'Computing Now!Minimum system configuration: IBM PC, XT, AT, PCjr, Portable, and true compatibles: 256K RAM minimum. PC-DOS (MS-DOS) 2.0or greater. Turbo lightning software required .. Optional-Turbo Pascal 3.0 or greater to edit and compile Turbo Pascal source code.Suggested Retail Price: $69.95(not copy protected)Turbo Pascal, Turbo lightning and Turbo Lightning library are registered trademarks and lightning Word Wizard is a trademark of Borland International. Inc. RandomHouse is a registered trademark of Random House, Inc, IBM. XT. AT, and PCjr are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp MS-DOS is aregistered trademark 01 Microsoft Corp. COPYright 1987 Borland InternationalBOR0087B
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Turbo Basic ~Owner;'s HandbookCopyr
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A First Program ...................
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Nondelimited Sequential Files .....
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GOSUB statement ...................
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RSET statement ....................
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Output ............................
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IntroductionTurbo Basic is a self-c
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TypographyThe body of this manual i
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c H A p T E R 1About BASICLike Main
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soon as you press the Enter key (th
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Turbo Basic's enormous compilation
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c H A p T E R 2Touring Turbo BasicT
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your AUTO EXEC. BAT file (see Appen
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• Run to execute programs or comp
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Block operations can be performed w
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_ •. --------------------",Turbo
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As its name implies, the selections
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I..ILI 1 •••••roaa=lfte(I
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Use the Directory option in the Fil
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The System WindowsTurbo Basic provi
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c H A p T E R 3Turbo Basic: The Pro
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The editor uses approximately 50 co
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Basic Movement CommarulsHere are so
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Use Overwrite mode to replace old t
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Miscellaneous Editing CommandsThis
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When the search string is specifIed
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The CompilerTurbo Basic's compiler
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Turbo Basic's context-sensitive hel
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Be certain to choose unique file na
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detected, you are placed in the edi
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• Bounds• Overflow• Stack tes
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Note that Overflow checking occurs
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.... ---_._----- .-ltes .... 'e ---
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Save Options/Window/SetupS saves th
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When a run-time error occurs, Turbo
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c H A p T E R 4Turbo Basic: The Lan
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Examples include:SORTSUBROUTINE:Ex;
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Reseroed WordsTurbo Basic reserves
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Numbers in Turbo·BasicThe care and
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y Interpretive BASIC. (For more inf
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A numeric constant with a decimal p
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VariablesA variable is an identifie
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In an enhancement to Interpretive B
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Even though this code compiles with
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ExpressionsAn expression consists o
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Relational OperatorsRelational oper
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An OR mask sets selected bits of an
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FunctionsThere are two types of fun
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Line 170 determines the value FNFac
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Consider this program that defines
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ActionReturn a valueCalling methodP
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Doing sO'will not, however, change
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Local arrays are automatically deal
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equal to 170; 3 passes this test, s
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Note that the space character canno
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parent of this directory. For examp
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to write it all back at the end. In
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Consider the following program and
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double-precision values into Micros
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And following is a sample program u
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Device I/OTurbo Basic supports so-c
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Line 1, Column 1 Columns (1-80)80~L
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Absolute and Relative CoordinatesMo
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c H A p T E R 5Turbo Basic Referenc
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pathA string expression describing
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$COM metastatementFunctionSyntaxRem
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$EVENT metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$INCLUDE metastatementFunctionSynta
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$INLINE metastatementFunctionSyntax
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$SOUND metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$STATIC metastatementFunctionSyntax
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ASC functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksRe
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See AlsoExampleConvert degrees to r
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BIN$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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BSAVE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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Integer% = 1Longlnt& = 2SinglePrel
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See AlsoExampleREG as a function re
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CDBLfunctionFunctionSyntaxRestricti
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CHAIN statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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CHDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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CINT functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
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oExampleaspect is a numeric express
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PRINTI display no longer existing s
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CLOSE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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COLOR statement (graphics mode)Func
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Example I This program demonstrates
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RestrictionsBackground values of 0
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PRINT IICOM Port input: II;ComPortI
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COMMON statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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COS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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CSRLIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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FOR I% = 1 TO 5 I read data from fi
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DATA statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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DATE$ system variableFunctionSyntax
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DEF FN/END DEF statementFunctionSyn
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See AlsoExampleLOCALSHAREDSTATIC$ST
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Restrictionsvariable j's first appe
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, define segment for POKE and BSAVE
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DIM statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
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DO/LOOP statementFunctionSyntaxDO/L
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FunctionSyntaxRemarksDRAW draws sha
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RestrictionsExampleIn each instance
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ENDMEM functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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ENVIRON$ functionFunctionSyntaxRema
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ERADRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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ERDEV, ERDEV$functionsFunctionSynta
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IIan insufficient number of dataele
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EXIT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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PRINT RND(Dummy%)I this is the same
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FIELD statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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FIX functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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The counter variable in the NEXT st
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GET statement (fiks)FunctionSyntaxR
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Turbo Basic stores the graphics dat
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CALL CreateFile, create data file,
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GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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IF statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksDi
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IF block statementFunctionSyntaxIF
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INCR statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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ExamplePRINT "Enter some characters
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INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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I read a line of text from theI seq
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INS TAT functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
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INT function.FunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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KEY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksK
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KEY(n) statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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KILL statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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LCASE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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LEN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
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LINE statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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UNE INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRe
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I input an entire line regardless o
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LOCAL statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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LOF functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
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LPOS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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LSET statement, FunctionSyntaxRemar
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MID$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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MKDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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Example OPEN "MKILSD.DTA" AS 11 LEN
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MTIMERfunction and statementFunctio
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OCT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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ON ERROR statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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ON/GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRema
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ON KEY(IO) GOSUB GoodByeI turn FlO
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ON PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRema
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ON STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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ON TIMER statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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See AlsoExampleThe two forms of the
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, move the file pOinter to the end
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See AlsoExampleThe msec argument of
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OUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
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For example, the following pattern
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PALETTE, PALETTE USING statementsFu
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PEEK functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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PEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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See AlsoExampleMF"Music Foreground"
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POINT functianFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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POS functianFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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PRINT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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PRINT # and PRINT # USING statement
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PRINT USING statementFunctionSyntax
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PSET statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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PUT statement (graphics)FunctionSyn
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PUT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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READ statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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ExampleDEFINT a-zDIM a(100)DIM Fill
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RESET 'statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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RESUME statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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RIGHT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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RND functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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RUN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
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SCREEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SEEK statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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SELECT statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SHARED statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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SPACE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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SQRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksExa
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STICK/unctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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STR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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SUB/END SUB, SUB INLINE statements,
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See AlsoExamplecreates three local
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SYSTEM statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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TAN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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TIMER functionFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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THON and THOFF commandsFunctionSynt
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UBOUND functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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VAL functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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VARPTR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
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VIEW statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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WAlT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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Example I set the value of I to 0I
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Example, set to medium resolution g
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See Alsocreates a 4 trillion point
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WRITE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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A p p E N o x ANumeric Consideratio
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And -531 decimal equals two's compl
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Increasing SignificanceWord '-1 S-I
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A p p E N D x BEvent TrappingTurbo
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DispHelpText:oldcsrx = POS(O) : old
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A p p E N o x cAssembly Language In
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The CALL INTERRUPT StatementThe CAL
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As an example, function FNFreeSpace
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4,5: Number of elements in the arra
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INLINE Assembly ExampleSuppose you
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A p p E N D x DComparing Turbo Basi
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MOTORThe cassette port has not prov
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Structured StatementsIn an enhancem
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Compiler ImplementationCompiler imp
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A p p E N D x EError MessagesThere
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• Trying to perform invalid mathe
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62 Input past endYou tried to read
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403 $IF nesting overflow·Condition
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428 Numeric scalar variable expecte
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453 Undefined name constantYou used
Page 438 and 439: 476 CLEAR parameter error - use MEM
Page 440 and 441: 499 Destination file write errorWhi
Page 442 and 443: A p p E N D x FReference MaterialsT
Page 444 and 445: Extended Key CodesExtended key code
Page 446 and 447: Table F-3 Keyboard Scan CodesKey Sc
Page 448 and 449: A p p E N D x GA DOS PrimerIf you a
Page 450 and 451: There's one thing you need to remem
Page 452 and 453: "Where Am If The $p $g PromptYou pr
Page 454 and 455: • To move to the root directory:
Page 456 and 457: A p p E N o x HSummary of Functions
Page 458 and 459: Error HandlingERADRERDEV/ERRDEV$ERL
Page 460 and 461: GraphicsCIRCLEDRAWLINEPAINTPEEKPEN
Page 462 and 463: Metastatements$COM$DYNAMIC$EVENT$IF
Page 464 and 465: ScreenCLSCOLORCOLORCSRLINLOCATEPOSS
Page 466 and 467: A p p E N D x ICustomizing Turho Ba
Page 468 and 469: Once you press Enter to modify a ke
Page 470 and 471: Color Display ModeTurbo Basic will
Page 472 and 473: Index457
Page 474 and 475: CHR$ function, 148and ASC, 131and P
Page 476 and 477: GGET statement (files), 106, 108, 1
Page 478 and 479: ON COM(n) statement, 270ON ERROR st
Page 480 and 481: Statements, 59-60Static arrays, 76a
Page 482 and 483: BorlandSoftwareINTERNATIONAL 4585 S
Page 484 and 485: The Organizer For The Computer Age!
Page 486 and 487: 1 : 'rl'~ _AIASEIThe high-performan
Page 490 and 491: Version 3.0 with 8081 support and B
Page 492 and 493: nIRBO PASCAl.DATARJlSE100tsox®Is T
Page 494 and 495: mRBOPASCAl..EDJ2OR 2t:ol,BOX®It's
Page 496 and 497: GAM.EWo.Rrcs®~.2VR80,PASCA£' ,Sec
Page 498 and 499: "'" ",,,,,D.-Enhances Turbo Prolog
Page 500 and 501: Includes treeMicroCalc spreadsheetw
Page 502 and 503: l,rIIEl; 111 IA1AIA"~rj • • AIA
Page 504: BorlandSoftwareOBDBll fODAY_______j
Page 508: YOUNprobably know us for our Turbo
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