Turbo Basic

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1 : 'rl'~ _AIASEIThe high-performance database managerthat's so advanced it's easy to use!'££1 £1@rIEIArAIA.ELets you organize, analyze and report information faster than ever before! If you manage mailing lists,customer files, or even your company's budgets-Reflex is the database manager for you!Reflex is the acclaimed, high-performance database manager you've been waiting for. Reflex extendsdatabase management with business graphics. Because a picture is often worth a 1000 words, Reflexlets you extract critical information buried in mountains of data. With Reflex, when you look, you see.The REPORT VIEW allows you to generate everything from mailing labels to sophisticated reports.You can use database files created with Reflex or transferred from Lotus 1-2-3,@ dBASE,@ PFS: File,@and other applications.Reflex: The Critics' Choice" ... if you use a PC, you should know about Reflex ... may be the best bargain in software today."Jerry Pournelle, BYTE"Everyone agrees that Reflex is the best-looking database they've ever seen."Adam B. Green, InfoWorld"The next generation of software has officially arrived."Peter Norton, PC WeekReflex: don't use your PC without it!Join hundreds of thousands of enthusiastic Reflex users and experience the power and ease of use ofBorland's award-winning Reflex.Suggested Retail Price: $149.95 (not copy protected)Minimum system configuration: IBM PC, XT, AT, and true compatibles. 384K RAM minimum. IBM Color Graphics Adapter, HerculesMonochrome Graphics CArd, or equivalent. PC·DOS (MS-DOS) 2.0 or greater. Hard disk and mouse optional. lotus 1-2-3, dBASE,or PFS: File optional.Reflex is a trademark of Borland/ Analytica Inc. Lotus 1-2-3 IS a registered trademark of LotusDevelopment Corporallon dBASE is a registered trademark of Ashton-Tate. PFS: File is aregistered trademark of Software Publishing Corporation. IBM, XT. AT. and IBM Color GraphicsAdapter are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. HerculesGraphics Card is a trademark of Hercules Computer Technology MS-OOS IS a registeredtrademark of Microsofl Corp Copyright 1987 Borland International BOR 0066C
IEILEI: liE trIIIBII'~Includes 22 Uinstant templates" covering a broad range ofbusiness applications (listed below). Also shows you how tocustomize databases, graphs, cross tabs, and reports. It's an invaluableanalytical tool and an important addition to another one ofour best sellers, Reflex: The Database Manager.Fasl-slart tulorial examples:Learn Reflex 8 as you work with practical business applications. The Reflex Workshop Disk suppliesdatabases and reports large enough to illustrate the power and variety of Reflex features. Instructions in eachReflex Workshop chapter take you through a step-by-step analysis of sample data. You then follow simplesteps to adapt the files to your own needs.22 practical business applications:Workshop's 22 "instant templates" give you a wide range of analytical tools:Administration• Scheduling Appointments• Planning Conference Facilities• Managing a Project• Creating a Mailing System• Managing Employment ApplicationsSales and Marketing• Researching Store Check Inventory• Tracking Sales Leads• Summarizing Sales Trends• Analyzing TrendsProduction and Operations• Summarizing Repair Turnaround• Tracking Manufacturing Quality Assurance• Analyzing Product CostsAccounting and Financial Planning• Tracking Petty Cash• Entering Purchase Orders• Organizing Outgoing Purchase Orders• Analyzing Accounts Receivable• Maintaining Letters of Credit• Reporting Business Expenses• Managing Debits and Credits• Examining Leased Inventory Trends• Tracking Fixed Assets• Planning Commercial Real Estate InvestmentWhether you're a newcomer learning Reflex basics or an experienced "power user" looking for tips, Reflex:The Workshop will help you quickly become an expert database analyst.MlnlmWII system configuration: I. pc, AT, and Xl, and true compatibles. PC-DOS (MS-DOS) 2.0 or greater. 384K RAM minimum. Requires Reflex:The Database Manager, and IBM Color Graphics Adapter, Hercules Monochrome Graphics Card Dr equivalent.Suggested Retail Price: $69.95(not copy protected)Reflex is a registered trademark and Reflex: The Workshop is a trademark of Borland/Analytica, Inc. IBM, AT, and Xl are registered trademarks of International BusinessMachines Corp. Hercules is a trademcrk of Hercules Computer Technology. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp. Copyright 1987 Borland InternationalBOR 0088B
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Turbo Basic ~Owner;'s HandbookCopyr
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A First Program ...................
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Nondelimited Sequential Files .....
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GOSUB statement ...................
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RSET statement ....................
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Output ............................
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IntroductionTurbo Basic is a self-c
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TypographyThe body of this manual i
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c H A p T E R 1About BASICLike Main
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soon as you press the Enter key (th
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Turbo Basic's enormous compilation
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c H A p T E R 2Touring Turbo BasicT
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your AUTO EXEC. BAT file (see Appen
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• Run to execute programs or comp
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Block operations can be performed w
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_ •. --------------------",Turbo
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As its name implies, the selections
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I..ILI 1 •••••roaa=lfte(I
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Use the Directory option in the Fil
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The System WindowsTurbo Basic provi
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c H A p T E R 3Turbo Basic: The Pro
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The editor uses approximately 50 co
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Basic Movement CommarulsHere are so
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Use Overwrite mode to replace old t
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Miscellaneous Editing CommandsThis
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When the search string is specifIed
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The CompilerTurbo Basic's compiler
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Turbo Basic's context-sensitive hel
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Be certain to choose unique file na
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detected, you are placed in the edi
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• Bounds• Overflow• Stack tes
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Note that Overflow checking occurs
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.... ---_._----- .-ltes .... 'e ---
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Save Options/Window/SetupS saves th
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When a run-time error occurs, Turbo
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c H A p T E R 4Turbo Basic: The Lan
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Examples include:SORTSUBROUTINE:Ex;
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Reseroed WordsTurbo Basic reserves
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Numbers in Turbo·BasicThe care and
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y Interpretive BASIC. (For more inf
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A numeric constant with a decimal p
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VariablesA variable is an identifie
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In an enhancement to Interpretive B
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Even though this code compiles with
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ExpressionsAn expression consists o
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Relational OperatorsRelational oper
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An OR mask sets selected bits of an
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FunctionsThere are two types of fun
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Line 170 determines the value FNFac
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Consider this program that defines
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ActionReturn a valueCalling methodP
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Doing sO'will not, however, change
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Local arrays are automatically deal
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equal to 170; 3 passes this test, s
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Note that the space character canno
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parent of this directory. For examp
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to write it all back at the end. In
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Consider the following program and
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double-precision values into Micros
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And following is a sample program u
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Device I/OTurbo Basic supports so-c
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Line 1, Column 1 Columns (1-80)80~L
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Absolute and Relative CoordinatesMo
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c H A p T E R 5Turbo Basic Referenc
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pathA string expression describing
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$COM metastatementFunctionSyntaxRem
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$EVENT metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$INCLUDE metastatementFunctionSynta
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$INLINE metastatementFunctionSyntax
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$SOUND metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$STATIC metastatementFunctionSyntax
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ASC functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksRe
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See AlsoExampleConvert degrees to r
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BIN$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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BSAVE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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Integer% = 1Longlnt& = 2SinglePrel
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See AlsoExampleREG as a function re
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CDBLfunctionFunctionSyntaxRestricti
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CHAIN statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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CHDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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CINT functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
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oExampleaspect is a numeric express
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PRINTI display no longer existing s
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CLOSE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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COLOR statement (graphics mode)Func
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Example I This program demonstrates
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RestrictionsBackground values of 0
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PRINT IICOM Port input: II;ComPortI
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COMMON statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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COS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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CSRLIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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FOR I% = 1 TO 5 I read data from fi
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DATA statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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DATE$ system variableFunctionSyntax
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DEF FN/END DEF statementFunctionSyn
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See AlsoExampleLOCALSHAREDSTATIC$ST
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Restrictionsvariable j's first appe
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, define segment for POKE and BSAVE
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DIM statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
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DO/LOOP statementFunctionSyntaxDO/L
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FunctionSyntaxRemarksDRAW draws sha
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RestrictionsExampleIn each instance
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ENDMEM functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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ENVIRON$ functionFunctionSyntaxRema
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ERADRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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ERDEV, ERDEV$functionsFunctionSynta
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IIan insufficient number of dataele
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EXIT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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PRINT RND(Dummy%)I this is the same
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FIELD statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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FIX functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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The counter variable in the NEXT st
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GET statement (fiks)FunctionSyntaxR
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Turbo Basic stores the graphics dat
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CALL CreateFile, create data file,
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GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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IF statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksDi
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IF block statementFunctionSyntaxIF
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INCR statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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ExamplePRINT "Enter some characters
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INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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I read a line of text from theI seq
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INS TAT functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
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INT function.FunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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KEY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksK
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KEY(n) statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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KILL statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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LCASE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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LEN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
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LINE statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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UNE INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRe
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I input an entire line regardless o
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LOCAL statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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LOF functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
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LPOS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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LSET statement, FunctionSyntaxRemar
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MID$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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MKDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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Example OPEN "MKILSD.DTA" AS 11 LEN
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MTIMERfunction and statementFunctio
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OCT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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ON ERROR statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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ON/GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRema
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ON KEY(IO) GOSUB GoodByeI turn FlO
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ON PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRema
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ON STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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ON TIMER statementFunctionSyntaxRem
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See AlsoExampleThe two forms of the
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, move the file pOinter to the end
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See AlsoExampleThe msec argument of
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OUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
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For example, the following pattern
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PALETTE, PALETTE USING statementsFu
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PEEK functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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PEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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See AlsoExampleMF"Music Foreground"
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POINT functianFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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POS functianFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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PRINT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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PRINT # and PRINT # USING statement
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PRINT USING statementFunctionSyntax
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PSET statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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PUT statement (graphics)FunctionSyn
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PUT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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READ statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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ExampleDEFINT a-zDIM a(100)DIM Fill
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RESET 'statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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RESUME statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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RIGHT$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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RND functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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RUN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
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SCREEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SEEK statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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SELECT statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SHARED statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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SIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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SPACE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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SQRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksExa
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STICK/unctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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STR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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SUB/END SUB, SUB INLINE statements,
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See AlsoExamplecreates three local
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SYSTEM statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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TAN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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TIMER functionFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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THON and THOFF commandsFunctionSynt
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UBOUND functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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VAL functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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VARPTR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
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VIEW statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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WAlT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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Example I set the value of I to 0I
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Example, set to medium resolution g
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See Alsocreates a 4 trillion point
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WRITE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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A p p E N o x ANumeric Consideratio
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And -531 decimal equals two's compl
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Increasing SignificanceWord '-1 S-I
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A p p E N D x BEvent TrappingTurbo
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DispHelpText:oldcsrx = POS(O) : old
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A p p E N o x cAssembly Language In
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The CALL INTERRUPT StatementThe CAL
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As an example, function FNFreeSpace
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4,5: Number of elements in the arra
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INLINE Assembly ExampleSuppose you
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A p p E N D x DComparing Turbo Basi
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MOTORThe cassette port has not prov
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Structured StatementsIn an enhancem
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Compiler ImplementationCompiler imp
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A p p E N D x EError MessagesThere
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• Trying to perform invalid mathe
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62 Input past endYou tried to read
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403 $IF nesting overflow·Condition
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428 Numeric scalar variable expecte
Page 436 and 437: 453 Undefined name constantYou used
Page 438 and 439: 476 CLEAR parameter error - use MEM
Page 440 and 441: 499 Destination file write errorWhi
Page 442 and 443: A p p E N D x FReference MaterialsT
Page 444 and 445: Extended Key CodesExtended key code
Page 446 and 447: Table F-3 Keyboard Scan CodesKey Sc
Page 448 and 449: A p p E N D x GA DOS PrimerIf you a
Page 450 and 451: There's one thing you need to remem
Page 452 and 453: "Where Am If The $p $g PromptYou pr
Page 454 and 455: • To move to the root directory:
Page 456 and 457: A p p E N o x HSummary of Functions
Page 458 and 459: Error HandlingERADRERDEV/ERRDEV$ERL
Page 460 and 461: GraphicsCIRCLEDRAWLINEPAINTPEEKPEN
Page 462 and 463: Metastatements$COM$DYNAMIC$EVENT$IF
Page 464 and 465: ScreenCLSCOLORCOLORCSRLINLOCATEPOSS
Page 466 and 467: A p p E N D x ICustomizing Turho Ba
Page 468 and 469: Once you press Enter to modify a ke
Page 470 and 471: Color Display ModeTurbo Basic will
Page 472 and 473: Index457
Page 474 and 475: CHR$ function, 148and ASC, 131and P
Page 476 and 477: GGET statement (files), 106, 108, 1
Page 478 and 479: ON COM(n) statement, 270ON ERROR st
Page 480 and 481: Statements, 59-60Static arrays, 76a
Page 482 and 483: BorlandSoftwareINTERNATIONAL 4585 S
Page 484 and 485: The Organizer For The Computer Age!
Page 488 and 489: If you use an IBM® PC, you needT U
Page 490 and 491: Version 3.0 with 8081 support and B
Page 492 and 493: nIRBO PASCAl.DATARJlSE100tsox®Is T
Page 494 and 495: mRBOPASCAl..EDJ2OR 2t:ol,BOX®It's
Page 496 and 497: GAM.EWo.Rrcs®~.2VR80,PASCA£' ,Sec
Page 498 and 499: "'" ",,,,,D.-Enhances Turbo Prolog
Page 500 and 501: Includes treeMicroCalc spreadsheetw
Page 502 and 503: l,rIIEl; 111 IA1AIA"~rj • • AIA
Page 504: BorlandSoftwareOBDBll fODAY_______j
Page 508: YOUNprobably know us for our Turbo
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Turbo Basic

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