Turbo Basic

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POINT functianFunctionSyntaxRemarksPOINT returns the color of a pixel or LPR information.First form:color = POINT (x,y)Second Form:y = POINT (option)In the first form, (x,y) specify the coordinates of a medium or highresolution graphics pixel. POINT returns the attribute value (color)of the pixel at (x,y). If either x or y is out of range, POINT returns-1.In the second form, option is a numeric variable or expressionand controls the effect of POINT, according to the following:Optiono123EffectReturns current physical x coordinateReturns current physical y coordinateReturns current world x coordinateReturns current world y coordinateSee AlsoExampleThe first form of POINT is useful for simple pixel-at-a-time animation.Use POINT to read the color of a background pixel about tobe overwritten into a temporary variable. Then PSET the point tothe color of the moving object. Finally, to erase the point, return itto its initial color.PSET, switch to medium resolution graphics modeSCREEN 1CIRCLE (160, 100), 50, 2 'display a circle, put a dot in the middle of the circlePSET (160, 100), 1, display the dot's color and positionPRINT POINT(160, 100)PRINT POINT(O), POINT(l)END' end the programTurbo Basic Reference Directory 303'
POKE statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksSee AlsoExamplePOKE writes a byte to a specified address.POKE offset,va7ueoffset is the address, a numeric value ranging from 0 to 65,535.value is the byte value to be written to that address, ranging from 0to 255. offset is relative to the segment defined by the most recentDEF SEC statement.POKE writes byte-sized values to the indicated address, and is alow-level escape from Turbo Basic's normal use of memory. SincePOKE performs no error checking, it isn't difficult to crash DOSand/or your program by improper use of this command.PEEKDIM Array%(5) t allocate array of 6 integersDEF SEG = VARSEG(Array%(O»t using POKE initialize the arrayFOR I% = 0 TO 11POKE I%, &HFFNEXT I%t using PEEK display array contentsFOR I% = 0 TO 11PRINT HEX$(PEEK(I%»NEXT I%END t end the program304Turbo Basic Owner's Handbook
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Turbo Basic ~Owner;'s HandbookCopyr
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A First Program ...................
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Nondelimited Sequential Files .....
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GOSUB statement ...................
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RSET statement ....................
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Output ............................
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IntroductionTurbo Basic is a self-c
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TypographyThe body of this manual i
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c H A p T E R 1About BASICLike Main
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soon as you press the Enter key (th
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Turbo Basic's enormous compilation
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c H A p T E R 2Touring Turbo BasicT
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your AUTO EXEC. BAT file (see Appen
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• Run to execute programs or comp
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Block operations can be performed w
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_ •. --------------------",Turbo
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As its name implies, the selections
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I..ILI 1 •••••roaa=lfte(I
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Use the Directory option in the Fil
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The System WindowsTurbo Basic provi
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c H A p T E R 3Turbo Basic: The Pro
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The editor uses approximately 50 co
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Basic Movement CommarulsHere are so
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Use Overwrite mode to replace old t
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Miscellaneous Editing CommandsThis
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When the search string is specifIed
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The CompilerTurbo Basic's compiler
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Turbo Basic's context-sensitive hel
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Be certain to choose unique file na
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detected, you are placed in the edi
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• Bounds• Overflow• Stack tes
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Note that Overflow checking occurs
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.... ---_._----- .-ltes .... 'e ---
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Save Options/Window/SetupS saves th
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When a run-time error occurs, Turbo
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c H A p T E R 4Turbo Basic: The Lan
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Examples include:SORTSUBROUTINE:Ex;
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Reseroed WordsTurbo Basic reserves
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Numbers in Turbo·BasicThe care and
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y Interpretive BASIC. (For more inf
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A numeric constant with a decimal p
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VariablesA variable is an identifie
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In an enhancement to Interpretive B
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Even though this code compiles with
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ExpressionsAn expression consists o
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Relational OperatorsRelational oper
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An OR mask sets selected bits of an
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FunctionsThere are two types of fun
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Line 170 determines the value FNFac
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Consider this program that defines
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ActionReturn a valueCalling methodP
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Doing sO'will not, however, change
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Local arrays are automatically deal
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equal to 170; 3 passes this test, s
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Note that the space character canno
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parent of this directory. For examp
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to write it all back at the end. In
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Consider the following program and
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double-precision values into Micros
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And following is a sample program u
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Device I/OTurbo Basic supports so-c
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Line 1, Column 1 Columns (1-80)80~L
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Absolute and Relative CoordinatesMo
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c H A p T E R 5Turbo Basic Referenc
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pathA string expression describing
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$COM metastatementFunctionSyntaxRem
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$EVENT metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$INCLUDE metastatementFunctionSynta
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$INLINE metastatementFunctionSyntax
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$SOUND metastatementFunctionSyntaxR
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$STATIC metastatementFunctionSyntax
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ASC functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksRe
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See AlsoExampleConvert degrees to r
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BIN$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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BSAVE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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Integer% = 1Longlnt& = 2SinglePrel
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See AlsoExampleREG as a function re
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CDBLfunctionFunctionSyntaxRestricti
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CHAIN statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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CHDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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CINT functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
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oExampleaspect is a numeric express
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PRINTI display no longer existing s
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CLOSE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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COLOR statement (graphics mode)Func
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Example I This program demonstrates
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RestrictionsBackground values of 0
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PRINT IICOM Port input: II;ComPortI
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COMMON statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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COS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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CSRLIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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FOR I% = 1 TO 5 I read data from fi
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DATA statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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DATE$ system variableFunctionSyntax
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DEF FN/END DEF statementFunctionSyn
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See AlsoExampleLOCALSHAREDSTATIC$ST
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Restrictionsvariable j's first appe
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, define segment for POKE and BSAVE
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DIM statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksD
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DO/LOOP statementFunctionSyntaxDO/L
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FunctionSyntaxRemarksDRAW draws sha
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RestrictionsExampleIn each instance
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ENDMEM functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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ENVIRON$ functionFunctionSyntaxRema
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ERADRfunctionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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ERDEV, ERDEV$functionsFunctionSynta
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IIan insufficient number of dataele
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EXIT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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PRINT RND(Dummy%)I this is the same
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FIELD statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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FIX functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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The counter variable in the NEXT st
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GET statement (fiks)FunctionSyntaxR
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Turbo Basic stores the graphics dat
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CALL CreateFile, create data file,
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GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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IF statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksDi
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IF block statementFunctionSyntaxIF
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INCR statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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ExamplePRINT "Enter some characters
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INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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I read a line of text from theI seq
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INS TAT functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
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INT function.FunctionSyntaxRemarksS
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KEY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksK
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KEY(n) statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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KILL statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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LCASE$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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LEN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
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LINE statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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UNE INPUT statementFunctionSyntaxRe
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I input an entire line regardless o
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Page 270 and 271: LOF functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksEx
Page 272 and 273: LPOS functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 274 and 275: LSET statement, FunctionSyntaxRemar
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Page 278 and 279: MKDIR statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 280 and 281: Example OPEN "MKILSD.DTA" AS 11 LEN
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Page 286 and 287: ON ERROR statementFunctionSyntaxRem
Page 288 and 289: ON/GOTO statementFunctionSyntaxRema
Page 290 and 291: ON KEY(IO) GOSUB GoodByeI turn FlO
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Page 294 and 295: ON STRIG statementFunctionSyntaxRem
Page 296 and 297: ON TIMER statementFunctionSyntaxRem
Page 298 and 299: See AlsoExampleThe two forms of the
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Page 302 and 303: See AlsoExampleThe msec argument of
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Page 306 and 307: For example, the following pattern
Page 308 and 309: PALETTE, PALETTE USING statementsFu
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Page 312 and 313: PEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksS
Page 314 and 315: PLAY statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 316 and 317: See AlsoExampleMF"Music Foreground"
Page 320 and 321: POS functianFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
Page 322 and 323: PRINT statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
Page 324 and 325: PRINT # and PRINT # USING statement
Page 326 and 327: PRINT USING statementFunctionSyntax
Page 328 and 329: PSET statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 330 and 331: PUT statement (graphics)FunctionSyn
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Page 334 and 335: READ statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 336 and 337: ExampleDEFINT a-zDIM a(100)DIM Fill
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Page 340 and 341: RESUME statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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Page 346 and 347: RUN statementFunctionSyntaxRemarksE
Page 348 and 349: SCREEN statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 350 and 351: SEEK statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
Page 352 and 353: SELECT statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 354 and 355: SHARED statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
Page 356 and 357: SIN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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SUB/END SUB, SUB INLINE statements,
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See AlsoExamplecreates three local
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SYSTEM statementFunctionSyntaxRemar
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TAN functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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TIMER functionFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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THON and THOFF commandsFunctionSynt
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UBOUND functionFunctionSyntaxRemark
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VAL functionFunctionSyntaxRemarksSe
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VARPTR$ functionFunctionSyntaxRemar
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VIEW statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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WAlT statementFunctionSyntaxRemarks
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Example I set the value of I to 0I
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Example, set to medium resolution g
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See Alsocreates a 4 trillion point
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WRITE statementFunctionSyntaxRemark
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A p p E N o x ANumeric Consideratio
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And -531 decimal equals two's compl
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Increasing SignificanceWord '-1 S-I
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A p p E N D x BEvent TrappingTurbo
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DispHelpText:oldcsrx = POS(O) : old
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A p p E N o x cAssembly Language In
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The CALL INTERRUPT StatementThe CAL
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As an example, function FNFreeSpace
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4,5: Number of elements in the arra
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INLINE Assembly ExampleSuppose you
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A p p E N D x DComparing Turbo Basi
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MOTORThe cassette port has not prov
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Structured StatementsIn an enhancem
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Compiler ImplementationCompiler imp
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A p p E N D x EError MessagesThere
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• Trying to perform invalid mathe
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62 Input past endYou tried to read
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403 $IF nesting overflow·Condition
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428 Numeric scalar variable expecte
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453 Undefined name constantYou used
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476 CLEAR parameter error - use MEM
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499 Destination file write errorWhi
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A p p E N D x FReference MaterialsT
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Extended Key CodesExtended key code
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Table F-3 Keyboard Scan CodesKey Sc
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A p p E N D x GA DOS PrimerIf you a
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There's one thing you need to remem
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"Where Am If The $p $g PromptYou pr
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• To move to the root directory:
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A p p E N o x HSummary of Functions
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Error HandlingERADRERDEV/ERRDEV$ERL
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GraphicsCIRCLEDRAWLINEPAINTPEEKPEN
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Metastatements$COM$DYNAMIC$EVENT$IF
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ScreenCLSCOLORCOLORCSRLINLOCATEPOSS
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A p p E N D x ICustomizing Turho Ba
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Once you press Enter to modify a ke
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Color Display ModeTurbo Basic will
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Index457
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CHR$ function, 148and ASC, 131and P
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GGET statement (files), 106, 108, 1
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ON COM(n) statement, 270ON ERROR st
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Statements, 59-60Static arrays, 76a
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BorlandSoftwareINTERNATIONAL 4585 S
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The Organizer For The Computer Age!
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1 : 'rl'~ _AIASEIThe high-performan
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If you use an IBM® PC, you needT U
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Version 3.0 with 8081 support and B
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nIRBO PASCAl.DATARJlSE100tsox®Is T
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mRBOPASCAl..EDJ2OR 2t:ol,BOX®It's
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GAM.EWo.Rrcs®~.2VR80,PASCA£' ,Sec
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"'" ",,,,,D.-Enhances Turbo Prolog
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Includes treeMicroCalc spreadsheetw
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l,rIIEl; 111 IA1AIA"~rj • • AIA
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BorlandSoftwareOBDBll fODAY_______j
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YOUNprobably know us for our Turbo
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