Ecological Evaluation Technical Guidance - State of New Jersey

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density may vary with depth; therefore, sampling should be done at several depthsdetermined by the depth of the thermocline; the euphotic zone, if applicable; and overalldepth at the station. In shallow areas (one to two meters) subsurface samples (to a depthof one meter) are usually sufficient. In lentic environments, sample at one-meter intervalsfrom the surface to the lake bottom because these organisms are not confined to theeuphotic zone.Zooplankton analysis requires at least six liters in moderately and highly productivewaters. Sample size, preservation and storage are dependent upon certain variables. Referto the NJDEP Field Sampling Manual for details. Generally, freshwater samples forspecies composition analysis should be preserved with a solution of neutralized formalin(5 ml neutralized buffer with formalin/100 ml of sample). All preserved samples shouldbe stored in the dark immediately.When collecting live samples, leave at least a four-cm air space in the bottle and chill to4º C (e.g. in a cooler with ice) during transit storage. For delicate flagellated species, donot refrigerate sample bottles. Maintain in situ temperature by storing them out of directsunlight, in an ice chest, with some of the ambient water. Surface samples in streams,rivers, shallow estuaries and coastal water can be collected simply by inverting thesample bottle, immersing it up to one meter below the water surface and slowly filling itas it is removed from the water. A Kemmerer sampler may also be used by holding it in ahorizontal position and closing it manually. Samples collected for chlorophyll analysisshould not be fixed or preserved. Chlorophyll samples should be preserved by chilling to4°C. If species composition analysis is necessary, then samples should be collected in aseparate sample bottle, or fixed or preserved by laboratory staff after the aliquot forchlorophyll analysis is removed from the sample container.When deeper samples are needed, use of a Kemmerer, water bottle, Van Dorn or Judaysamplers is standard. All of these sampling devices basically consist of a metal or plastichollow cylinder with remotely activated stoppers at both ends. The sampler is lowered toa desired depth with a graduated line. Once at the desired depth, a heavy brass slug or“messenger” attached to the line is released. It slides down the line, and strikes therelease mechanism on the sampler which pulls the stoppers tight against the open ends ofthe cylinder, trapping the sample of water inside. The sampler is then withdrawn and thewater emptied into the sample container via a small spigot or tube in one of the stoppers.Use only nonmetallic samplers when metal analysis, algal assays, or primary productivitymeasurements will be performed on the sample. Sample bottle labels should identify thebody of water sampled and list the date of collection, collectors name, preservative ifpresent, and the type of biological analysis desired (determination of dominant or bloomspecies, total cell count, etc.). It is important that labels clearly identify live planktonsamples as being unpreserved.Ecological Evaluation Technical Guidance Document 105Version 1.2 8/29/12
Appendix C - Surface Water Toxicity TestingFreshwater Test SpeciesThe most commonly used species for freshwater (salinity of 3.5 ppt or less) surface watertoxicity studies in New Jersey are the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and thewater flea (Ceriodaphnia dubia). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout(Salvelinus fontinalis) are listed in the USEPA guidance, and brown trout (Salmo trutta)and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) are listed in the NJDEP guidance, but these fishspecies are not commonly used in New Jersey. Two other daphnid species (Daphniapulex and Daphnia magna) are also listed in both the USEPA and NJDEP guidance, butare not commonly used in New Jersey.Saltwater Test SpeciesThe most commonly used species for saltwater (salinity greater than 3.5 ppt) surfacewater toxicity studies in New Jersey are the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus)and the opossum shrimp (Americamysis bahia). Three other fish species ― inlandsilversides (Menidia beryllina), Atlantic silverside (M. menidia) and the tidewatersilverside (M. peninsulae) ― are also listed in both the USEPA and NJDEP guidance butare not commonly used in New Jersey. The USEPA guidance lists a sea urchin (Arbaciapunctulata) and a macroalga (Champia parvula), and the NJDEP guidance lists grassshrimp (Paleomonetes pugio), but these last three are rarely, if ever, used in New Jersey.Toxicity Test TypesThere are three basic types of aqueous toxicity tests:(1) static, nonrenewal tests in which the test solution is not changed throughout thetest. These tests have the advantages of being simple, with minimal physicaldisturbance of the test organisms, and the disadvantage that toxicants mayvolatilize or degrade during testing;(2) static-renewal tests in which the test organisms are exposed to fresh test solutionperiodically (e.g., every 24 hours). These have the advantage of being able toaddress the volatilization/degradation issue but are more labor-intensive and causemore physical disturbance to the test organisms; and(3) flow-through tests in which there is a continual or semi-continual flow of freshtest solution through the test chambers for the duration of the test. These testshave the advantage of exposing organisms in a more stream-like manner, butthese tests are significantly more labor-intensive and are also more expensive thanthe other two test types.Toxicity Test Duration - Acute or ChronicToxicity is generally assessed in the laboratory using acute or chronic studies. Acutestudies are of short duration, usually one to four days, and are designed to determinewhether the surface water sample in question will kill the exposed organisms. Chronicstudies are longer, usually seven days or more (some exceeding 90 days), and aredesigned to determine sublethal effects on growth and reproduction. While observedlethality is a direct indication that the sample in question is toxic, sublethal effects areimportant for the assessment of long-term population health and are generally theendpoint of concern in an ecological risk assessment (ERA).Ecological Evaluation Technical Guidance Document 106Version 1.2 8/29/12
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Ecological EvaluationTechnical Guid
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6.2.1.3 Biological Sampling of Fish
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Acronyms and AbbreviationsADDAETAFA
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Executive SummaryThis document prov
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environmentally sensitive areas pur
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Figure 3-1: Flow diagram to describ
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assessment may also include evaluat
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“Hazard quotient” or “HQ” m
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“Site investigation” means the
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parameters as specified in ERAGS (i
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document otherwise). The investigat
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5.3.2.1 Potential Contaminant Migra
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71 0Sampling pointsSampling transec
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5.3.4 Background ConsiderationsIt i
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III. GroundwaterAnalytical data fro
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5.5 Ecological Evaluation ReportThe
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Step 1 - Preliminary Screening Leve
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specific measurements of receptor h
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Figure 6-2: Ecological Conceptual S
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ingested, air inhaled, or material
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Fugacity, which is described as the
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environment. As noted in ERAGS, the
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Sample SelectionAfter completing th
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While there are many laboratories t
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ioavailability, and by doing so, of
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For the purposes of surface water,
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higher trophic level receptors. Lip
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Page 57 and 58: e present at intervals greater than
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Page 63 and 64: tests (USEPA, 2002e). After collect
Page 65 and 66: multiple reference area soils repre
Page 67 and 68: In ERAs, tissue residue analyses ar
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Page 71 and 72: evaluation might necessitate the co
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Page 77 and 78: Twelve dioxin-like PCB congeners ha
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Page 81 and 82: of evidence for evaluating risk unt
Page 83 and 84: 7.2.1 Apparent Effects Threshold Ap
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Page 91 and 92: Establishing Sediment Quality Crite
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Page 95 and 96: USEPA. 1989c. Risk Assessment Guida
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Page 101 and 102: Appendix A - Habitat Survey FormsEc
Page 103 and 104: Ecological Evaluation Technical Gui
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Page 113 and 114: Toxicity Test DesignSediment toxici
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Page 119 and 120: esults are then evaluated using USE
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Page 123 and 124: Appendix H - Soil Toxicity TestingS
Page 125 and 126: another sample may still have a sub
Page 127 and 128: conservative approach from an ecolo
Page 129: Data PresentationTabular presentati
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Ecological Evaluation Technical Guidance - State of New Jersey

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