Stanley-Eric-Captive-Genders-Trans-Embodiment-and-Prison-Industrial-Complex

Captive Gendersstate violence.12. In 1971, over 1,300 prisoners led by black and Puerto Rican insurgents seizedcontrol of Attica Correctional Facility in western New York state to protest racism,brutality, and appalling conditions. Forty-three people were killed whenstate officials ordered an armed response to the rebellion, bringing about internationalcensure. Recordings and documents from the McKay hearings intothe rebellion can be accessed at http://www.talkinghistory.org/attica (accessedJanuary 6, 2009).13. See note 9.14. The Rockefeller Drug Laws, enacted in 1973 and still in force, were at the timethe toughest drug laws in the country. The laws made the penalty for selling twoounces of narcotics a Class A felony punishable by fifteen years to life in prison.See http://www.drugpolicy.org (accessed January 6, 2009).15. For a discussion of the shift from welfare state to disciplinary state in the US andCanada, see Bohrman and Murakawa 2005; Neve and Pate 2005.16. Maya is referring to the $1 million bounty placed on Black Panther AssataShakur, aka Joanne Chesimard, by the US Department of Justice in May 2005.After being targeted as part of the FBI’s campaign against the Black PantherParty, Shakur was found guilty by an all-white jury of killing a New Jersey statetrooper, despite being incapacitated from gunshot wounds at the time of thealleged shooting. She escaped from prison in 1979 and has lived exile in Cubasince that time (Hinds 1987). For details of the current situation, see http://www.handsoffassata.org/ (accessed January 6, 2009).17. Communities of escaped slaves and their descendants who fled via the undergroundrailroad to settle in Ontario, Nova Scotia, and British Columbia afterslavery was abolished in the British Empire in 1834 can also be seen as part ofthe maroon legacy.18. For example, the maroons of Jamaica waged war with the British for 140 yearsbefore finally being deported to Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1796 (Grant 1980,15–16). Escapees in Ontario were also at risk from slave-catchers after the passageof the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.19. Aboriginal people make up 2.8% of the Canadian population, but are 18%of the federal prison population. Correctional Service of Canada, “AboriginalCommunity Development in Corrections: Aboriginal Offenders Overview.”http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/prgrm/abinit/know/7–eng.shtml (accessed February2, 2009).20. In the US, these rebel communities, often described as “outlyers” [sic], werefound in the Great Dismal Swamp on the Virginia and North Carolina border,in the coastal marshlands of South Carolina and Georgia, and among the Semi-320