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4.3 -ed and -ing adjectivesA. Students look at the picture and read the text.They use the example to figure out the rulesAnswers:-ing adjectives describe causes. (people, things, situations)-ed adjectives describe effects. (feelings)Tell students to read the Adjectives with -ing and -ed section of the Language Reference.B. Students look at these pictures, and fill the gaps with an -ed or -ing adjective.Possible answers:1. Nang Seng is bored. She’s sitting in a boring meeting, and she wants to go home and sleep.2. Maung Lay has just met a frightening dog. Maung Lay is frightened of dogs, and this dog isbigger, louder and more aggressive than other dogs.3. Htwe Htwe is reading an interesting book. She’s been reading it for 3 hours now. She doesn’twant to stop reading to eat or wash. Htwe Htwe is very interested in this book.C. Pre-teach embarrass. Students fill each gap with a word from the box plus -ed or -ing. Sometimesthey have to remove the -e from the end of the word before adding -ed or -ing.Answers:2. Walking up the mountain is tiring .3. I can’t understand the instructions for this machine. They are confusing .4. She was disappointed when she didn’t get a scholarship. She was expecting to get one.5. We heard a very amusing joke. We laughed for ages.6. I love lying on a hammock in the sun with a good book. It’s so relaxing .7. My most embarrassing experience was in 1999. I got up to make an important speechand saw I had a large hole in the front of my trousers.Go over the answers by checking that students understand what is being described, e.g.In 1 he is depressed. This is describing an effect – someone’s feelings.In 2 walking up the mountain is tiring. This is describing a cause – a situation.And so on.D. Students write sentences using the unused adjectives from C:depressing, tired, confused, disappointing, amused, relaxed, embarrassed.Check that students describe feelings for confused, tired, amused, relaxed and embarrassed, andthings or situations for depressing and disappointing.E. Students do a pair dictation. Partner A reads her/his sentences to Partner B, who listens and writesthem down. Then Partner B reads her/his sentences to Partner A. They check each other’s use of -edand -ing adjectives and make any necessary corrections.UNIT 1031