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1.2 Forming the passiveA. Pre-teach produce. Students change the active sentences into passive.Answers:2. 9.7 billion pounds are spent on beer every year.3. 9 billion litres of water are used each day.4. 27 millions tonnes of rubbish are produced every year.5. 1 car is stolen every 20 minutes.B. Students rewrite the sentences in the past simple passive.Answers:2. 9.7 billion pounds were spent on beer.3. 9 billion litres of water were used each day.4. 27 million tonnes of rubbish were produced.5. 1 car was stolen every 20 minutes.C. Pre-teach edit, print, publish and assemble. In pairs, students talk about the production or processingof the items in the pictures. Do not let students list things as ‘second/ly’, ‘third/ly’. We only use thisin more formal speech. If it is too difficult, write the answer for fish on the board for them to use as amodel, and/or tell them which verbs to use for each item.Possible answers:Fish: First the fish is caught. Then it’s killed. After it’s cleaned, washed and cooked, it’s eaten.Rice: First the rice is grown. Then it’s cut. Then it’s washed, cooked and eaten.Book: First the book is written. Then it’s edited. After that it’s printed and published.Car: First the car is assembled. Then it’s tested and finally painted.D. Elicit the rules for forming negatives in the present and past simple passive:Present simple: am/is/are + not + past participlePast simple: was/were + not + past participleStudents rewrite the sentences so they are true, using the information in brackets.Answers:2. The internet wasn’t invented in the 1920s. It was invented in the 1980s.3. Toyota cars aren’t produced in China. They’re produced in Japan.4. Paper isn’t made of metal. It’s made of trees.5. Shampoo is used for washing hair.6. Cambodia wasn’t colonised in the 16th century. It was colonised in the 19th century.E. Students find a way through the maze by following the instructions.In the first section, they can only pass through one-syllable past participles.In the second, they can only pass through two-syllable past participles.In the third, they can only pass through irregular past participles.Students are not allowed to move diagonally.Answers:killed – looked – danced – walked – helped – planned – stopped – closed – talked – climbed –asked – voted – added – hated – waited – ended – started – tasted – wanted – needed – caught –came – driven – seen – got – stood – gone – heard – thought – left – woken – rung – swum –drunk – eatenModule 1259