Pastoral Relationship with People with Intellectual ... - Theses

121availability, as well as administrative practices that amount to surveillance. Thisis coupled with a culture of dependency by accommodated people towards theirstaff. 337 This culture mirrors the dependency and power imbalance that describesthe relationship between accommodated people and medical professionals in thelarge-scale institutional setting.By means of further Australian disability discourse Julian Gardner andLouise Glanville, in describing community accommodation as prisons, offerexamples of this lack of autonomy. It is expressed through civil detention, staffinitiatedaccess, lack of administrative accountability, non-reviewable staffprocesses, and lack of consultation with accommodated people regarding houserules and with whom one lives. 338Further commentary by James Mulick and Patricia Meinhold also focuseson rule-making and regulation and its capacity to foster compliance, as well asfailing to address the unique nature of individual and environmental needs. 339This is reinforced by Holburn who describes the incapacity of rules to apply to acommunity disability accommodation setting, or to cater effectively for naturalenvironmental contingencies. Furthermore, the application of rules tocontingencies reduces the capacity of the organisation to respond effectively tosituations requiring environmental change. 340This notion of contingency gains credence through the broadly appliedpractice of disability-related risk management strategies and occupational healthand safety practices as applied in the institutional setting. Here Traustadottir andJohnson draw a thread between past and present practices and locations whenthey state that it can be argued “that we have translated the control previouslyexerted on people through locked doors and high walls into the more subtle337 Traustadottir, Rannveig, and Kelly Johnson. "Introduction: In and out of Institutions." InDeinstitutionalization and People with Intellectual Disabilities: In and out of Institutions,edited by Kelly Johnson and Rannveig Traustadottir, 13-29. (London and Philadelphia:Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2006), 23-25.338 Gardner, Julian, and Louise Glanville. "New Forms of Institutionalization in theCommunity." In Deinstitutionalization and People with Intellectual Disabilities: In and outof Institutions, edited by Kelly Johnson and Rannveig Traustadottir, 222-30. (London andPhiladelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2006).339 Mulick, James, and Patricia Meinhold. "Analyzing the Impact of Regulations onResidential Ecology." Mental Retardation 30, no. 3 (1992): 151-61.340 Holburn, Steve. "Rules: The New Institutions." Mental Retardation 28, no. 2 (1990): 89-94.