DK2985_C000 1..28 - AlSharqia Echo Club

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Normal Anatomy and Flow 73(A)(B)LARLPV(C)PVF(D)RARLPVS DARFigure 4.23 (A, B) Mid-esophageal view of the right lower pulmonary vein (RLPV). (C) Pulsed-wave Doppler interrogation. Thesystolic (or S), diastolic (or D), and atrial reversal (AR) waves are shown. (D) Intraoperative view (LA, left atrium; PVF, pulmonaryvenous flow; RA, right atrium). (Photo D courtesy of Dr. Nancy Poirier.)(A)(B)RVIVCAoSVC(C)SVC FLOWSDARFigure 4.24 (A, B) Deep transgastric view of the superior vena cava (SVC). (C) Pulsed-wave Doppler interrogation. The systolic (S),diastolic (D), and atrial reversal (AR) waves are shown (Ao, aorta; IVC, inferior vena cava; RV, right ventricle).
74 Transesophageal <strong>Echo</strong>cardiography(A)ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC VIEW(B)UIVCHVRARIVCLDLIVER(C)HVF(D)ANATOMICAL VIEW(E)DSDLIVCRURAARIVCHVDIAPHRAGMFigure 4.25 (A, B) Lower esophageal view of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic vein (HV). (C) Pulsed-wave Doppler interrogationof the HV. The systolic (or S), diastolic (or D), and atrial reversal (AR) waves are shown. Abnormal S/D ratio is present (,1).(D,E) Anatomical correlation and corresponding surgical positioning (D, down; HVF, hepatic venous flow; L, left; R, right; RA, rightatrium; U, up). (Photo D courtesy of Dr. Michel Pellerin.)anteriorly in the far field towards the bottom of the ultrasoundsector away from the ultrasound probe tip. It is,therefore, rare to be able to see more than the first centimeteror two of the RCA by TEE (Fig. 4.28).Tip: The noncoronary AoV cusp is always adjacent tothe atrial septum and the right coronary cusp is alwaysanterior in any ultrasound imaging view. The LAD coronaryartery always runs anteriorly in any echo imaging view.Aorta (Root, Sinotubular Junction, AscendingAorta, Arch, Thoracic Descending Aorta)Multiplane TEE allows a near complete visualization ofthe aorta from the aortic root to the upper abdominal aorta.Occasionally, the distal ascending aorta and proximalaortic arch may be masked by the interposition of theair-filled trachea and left mainstem bronchus betweenthe esophagus and the aorta.A short-axis view of the aortic root is seen from the midesophageal458 (0–608) short-axis position at about 30 cmfrom the incisors (Fig. 4.14). The rotation angle should beadjusted to optimize a circular view of the aortic ring andthree AoV cusps (see AoV in the text that follows). Gentleprobe withdrawal from this position and at 08 allows ashort-axis view of the proximal ascending aorta.The long axis view of the aortic root, sinuses ofValsalva, sinotubular junction, and proximal aorta(Fig. 4.29) are imaged by rotating the angle to 1358(100–1508) while the mid-ascending aorta (Fig. 4.30) isimaged often at a lower angle (1008) while withdrawingthe probe. In this view, the anterior and posterior wallsof the aorta are parallel to each other and perpendicularto the ultrasound beam allowing for precise measurementof aortic dimensions.The distal aortic arch initially lies anterior to the esophagusand continues to the left to become the descendingthoracic aorta. The latter then winds around from the leftside to the posterior aspect of the esophagus at the levelof the diaphragm (see Fig. 12.4). It is customary to imagethe descending and abdominal aorta from distal to proximal.From the lower-to-mid-esophageal four-chamberview at 08, a slight quarter-turn towards the left willbring the lower descending thoracic aorta in view on itsshort axis (Fig. 4.31). While keeping the aorta in view,the probe tip is advanced gradually through the lower esophagealsphincter into the stomach until the abdominalaorta moves away from the stomach and is no longerclearly visible. The upper abdominal and descending thoracicaorta is imaged by slowly withdrawing the TEE probefrom this most distal point to the level of the distal
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TransesophagealEchocardiographyMult
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Published in 2005 byTaylor & Franci
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ForewordThe use of transesophageal
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xPrefaceThere are several other ind
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ContentsForeword Jean-Francois Hard
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ContributorsRobert Amyot, MD, FRCPC
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ContributorsxviiFrançois Marcotte,
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xxAbbreviationsCNS central nervous
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xxiiAbbreviationsPMLPpaPPHPPHTNPraP
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How to Use the Transesophageal Echo
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1Principles of UltrasoundALAIN GAUV
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Principles of Ultrasound 3Table 1.1
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Principles of Ultrasound 5the ratio
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Principles of Ultrasound 7transduce
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Principles of Ultrasound 9(A)(B)Fig
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Principles of Ultrasound 11certain
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Principles of Ultrasound 13PULSERBE
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Principles of Ultrasound 152. Trans
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Principles of Ultrasound 17(A)(B)TV
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Principles of Ultrasound 19(A)(B)(E
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Principles of Ultrasound 21to the i
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Page 70 and 71: 3TransducersFRANÇOIS HADDADUnivers
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Page 80 and 81: Transducers 51(A)(B)(C)Figure 3.15
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Page 118 and 119: 5Quantitative EchocardiographyJEAN
Page 120 and 121: Quantitative Echocardiography 91dim
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Page 150 and 151: 6Imaging Artifacts and PitfallsROBE
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 123F
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 125F
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 127(
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 1391
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142 Transesophageal Echocardiograph
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9Global Ventricular Function and He
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Global Ventricular Function and Hem
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10CardiomyopathyVICKY SOULIÈRE, PH
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Cardiomyopathy 217Figure 10.1 (A, B
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Cardiomyopathy 219Figure 10.4 Systo
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Cardiomyopathy 221RVOT must also be
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Cardiomyopathy 223either by reduced
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Cardiomyopathy 225Figure 10.10 Flow
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Cardiomyopathy 227On the other hand
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Cardiomyopathy 229volumes are both
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Cardiomyopathy 231(A)TMFAE(B)PVFDMe
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Cardiomyopathy 233(A)(B)LUPVLAAoLAA
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Cardiomyopathy 235(A)(B)LALV(C)Figu
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Cardiomyopathy 237than moderate MR
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Cardiomyopathy 23920. Yu EH, Omran
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12AortaIVAN IGLESIAS, DANIEL BAINBR
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Aorta 263GRADE 1:NORMALAoGRADE 2:IN
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Aorta 265(A)(B)LALMCARAAoRVRCAFigur
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Aorta 267Figure 12.9Short- (A, B) a
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Aorta 269(A)(B)AORTAMOBILEATHEROMA(
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Aorta 271diameter (22). Aneurysms o
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Aorta 273(A)(B)NCCRALARCCMPALCCANEU
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Aorta 275(A)(B)LAARTEFACT(C)AoARTEF
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Aorta 277(A)(B)AoLATVRAFL TLPVRV(C)
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Aorta 279(A)(B)AORTICHEMATOMAAo(C)A
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Aorta 281(A)(B)FLTLAo(C)(D)INTRALUM
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Aorta 28331. Bansal RC, Chandraseka
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14Perioperative Role of TEE in Mech
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TEE in Mechanical Circulatory Assis
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15Native Aortic ValveFRANÇOIS A. B
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Native Aortic Valve 331Figure 15.2
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Native Aortic Valve 333(A)(B)ARANTI
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Native Aortic Valve 335(A) (B) (C)
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Native Aortic Valve 337(A)(B)LAAoLV
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Native Aortic Valve 339(A)(B)MVAoVL
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Native Aortic Valve 341(A)(B)LAAoVL
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Native Aortic Valve 343(A)(B)SAMLAI
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Native Aortic Valve 345(A)(B)AoVLAT
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Native Aortic Valve 347Although the
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Native Aortic Valve 349substitution
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Native Aortic Valve 351(A)(B)AoVLVO
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Native Aortic Valve 353(A)(B)LARPAL
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Native Aortic Valve 355(A)(B)LAAoVR
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Native Aortic Valve 357In those pat
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Native Aortic Valve 359Table 15.4 E
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Native Aortic Valve 36111. Levine R
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17Mitral ValveANDRÉ SAINT-PIERRELa
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Mitral Valve 385(A)SCHEMATIC VIEW(B
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Mitral Valve 387Figure 17.5 Echocar
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Mitral Valve 389(A)(B)LVP3A2LAAA1Fi
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Mitral Valve 391(A)(B)(C)(D)A1LAP1L
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Mitral Valve 393(A)(B)LARALVRV(C)(D
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Mitral Valve 395(A)(B)AoVFLAIL P1LA
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Mitral Valve 397(A)(B)P3LALVLAAA1(C
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Mitral Valve 399(A)(B)LALAALV(C)(D)
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Mitral Valve 401Table 17.3Mitral Re
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Mitral Valve 403(A)(B)MITRAL VALVEV
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Mitral Valve 405(A)EKG(B)PVFPaSDRES
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Mitral Valve 407Table 17.4BVR Echoc
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Mitral Valve 409Left ventricular sy
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Mitral Valve 411(A)(B)LALVAoRV(C)TM
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Mitral Valve 413Table 17.8StenosisT
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Mitral Valve 415identification of a
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19Pulmonic and Tricuspid ValvesFRAN
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Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valves 449Ta
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Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valves 451(A
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Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valves 459ti
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Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valves 463AN
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Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valves 46939
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23Intracavitary ContentsMARIA DI LO
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Intracavitary Contents 499(A)(B)PFO
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Intracavitary Contents 501(A)(B)LAL
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Intracavitary Contents 503artery ca
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Intracavitary Contents 505(A)(B)MYX
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Intracavitary Contents 507(A)(B)LVL
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Intracavitary Contents 509(A)(B)THY
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Intracavitary Contents 511wall clos
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Intracavitary Contents 513(A)(B)LAR
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Intracavitary Contents 515(A)(B)PER
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Intracavitary Contents 517dysfuncti
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Intracavitary Contents 519endocardi
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Intracavitary Contents 521and angle
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Intracavitary Contents 52317. Lando
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25Indications for Perioperative Tra
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Indications for Perioperative TEE 5
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570 IndexAortic aneurysmclassificat
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572 IndexColor jet area, 402Commiss
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574 IndexHypotension, 491Hypothermi
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576 IndexMitral valve repair, 394,
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578 IndexRight atrial thrombus, 517
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580 IndexTricuspid leafletsanterior
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DK2985_C000 1..28 - AlSharqia Echo Club

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