DK2985_C000 1..28 - AlSharqia Echo Club

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Mitral Valve Replacement and Repair 429(A)(B)MPVLARPARAAo(C)(D)LAMPVFigure 18.18 A 59-year-old man with a Starr–Edwards prosthetic valve in the mitral position. The echocardiographic appearance(A, B), radiologic (C), and intraoperative aspect through a left atriotomy (D) of the valve’s ring are shown. Note that the valve orientationis modified by severe left atrial dilatation (Ao, aorta; LA, left atrium; MPV, mitral prosthetic valve; RA, right atrium; RPA, rightpulmonary artery). (Photo D courtesy of Raymond Cartier.)generally be 2/4 or moderate to severe and could resultfrom any of the abnormalities discussed in the 2D multiplane-TEEsection earlier. It occurs within the prostheticring but could sometimes be difficult to differentiatefrom periprosthetic regurgitation. With thorough 2D andcolor-flow imaging examination from one side of thesewing ring to the other, in orthogonal planes will generallyallow the localization of the origin of the jet and itscause. Indeed, careful observation of the location of theorigin of the jet, the vena contracta and the proximalflow convergence in reference to the prosthetic ring willhelp to identify the type of regurgitation (i.e. intra- vs periprosthetic).The severity of regurgitation is graded as fornative valves.C. Periprosthetic RegurgitationPeriprosthetic regurgitation is a common cause of reoperationfor prosthetic valve dysfunction. It is a dysfunctionalregurgitant jet occurring outside the prosthetic sewingring. It can appear as a result of a degenerative processor of endocarditis. Rarely, significant perivalvular regurgitationcan be found at surgical closure in the operatingroom (OR).One of the major indications and advantages of perioperativeTEE is the identification of the presence, severity,and location of periprosthetic regurgitation in order toguide surgical intervention before CPB or to reduce themorbidity associated with this condition by allowingimmediate diagnosis and correction after CPB, thus avoidingunnecessary reoperation.The severity of perivalvular regurgitation is highlyvariable, ranging from a tiny suture leak to severe regurgitationassociated with partial dehiscence. The identificationand quantification of periprosthetic regurgitationrequires a careful and systematic TEE evaluation. Theprosthesis must be scanned in multiple angles with 2Dand color-flow imaging. As mentioned above for intraprostheticregurgitant jets, periprosthetic regurgitant jetsshould be sought with a thorough 2D and color-flowimaging examinations not only limited to a tomographicalview through the middle of the prosthesis, but startingfrom the outside of one flank to the opposite aspect ofthe sewing ring. This should be done in at least two orthogonalviews, but other angles better adapted to the examinationof suspicious findings can be used. Moreover, thisinspection at the plane of the valve should be complementedby a similar sweep above and below the prosthesis
430 Transesophageal <strong>Echo</strong>cardiography(A)(B)LVLAMPVLAARV(C)STARR-EDWARDS PROSTHESISFigure 18.19 A 59-year-old man with a Starr–Edwards mechanical prosthesis in the mitral position. (A, B) The transgastric 08 view isaltered secondary to the atrial dilatation. (C, D) Note the similar position of the prosthesis on the chest X-ray (LA, left atrium; LAA, leftatrial appendage; LV, left ventricle; MPV, mitral prosthetic valve; RV, right ventricle).(A)(B)LVMPVLA(C)Figure 18.20 A 59-year-old man with a Starr–Edwards mechanical prosthesis in the mitral position. (A, B) Mobile material is seen inthe transgastric view. The sheath over the prosthesis struts, which was a feature of the cloth-covered model 6310, is broken (C) (LA, leftatrium; LV, left ventricle; MPV, mitral prosthetic valve). (Photo C courtesy of Dr. Raymond Cartier.)
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TransesophagealEchocardiographyMult
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Published in 2005 byTaylor & Franci
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ForewordThe use of transesophageal
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xPrefaceThere are several other ind
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ContentsForeword Jean-Francois Hard
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ContributorsRobert Amyot, MD, FRCPC
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ContributorsxviiFrançois Marcotte,
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xxAbbreviationsCNS central nervous
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xxiiAbbreviationsPMLPpaPPHPPHTNPraP
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How to Use the Transesophageal Echo
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1Principles of UltrasoundALAIN GAUV
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Principles of Ultrasound 3Table 1.1
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Principles of Ultrasound 5the ratio
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Principles of Ultrasound 7transduce
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Principles of Ultrasound 9(A)(B)Fig
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Principles of Ultrasound 11certain
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Principles of Ultrasound 13PULSERBE
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Principles of Ultrasound 152. Trans
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Principles of Ultrasound 17(A)(B)TV
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Principles of Ultrasound 19(A)(B)(E
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Principles of Ultrasound 21to the i
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24 Transesophageal Echocardiography
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3TransducersFRANÇOIS HADDADUnivers
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Transducers 43(A)(C)(B)Figure 3.3 (
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Transducers 45more frequencies than
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Transducers 47Figure 3.10 Beam focu
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Transducers 49sound that propagate
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Transducers 51(A)(B)(C)Figure 3.15
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5Quantitative EchocardiographyJEAN
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Quantitative Echocardiography 91dim
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Quantitative Echocardiography 93Fig
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Quantitative Echocardiography 101Fi
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Quantitative Echocardiography 105in
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Quantitative Echocardiography 115On
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Quantitative Echocardiography 117Ha
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Quantitative Echocardiography 119fl
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6Imaging Artifacts and PitfallsROBE
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 123F
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 125F
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 127(
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 1391
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142 Transesophageal Echocardiograph
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9Global Ventricular Function and He
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Global Ventricular Function and Hem
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10CardiomyopathyVICKY SOULIÈRE, PH
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Cardiomyopathy 217Figure 10.1 (A, B
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Cardiomyopathy 219Figure 10.4 Systo
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Cardiomyopathy 221RVOT must also be
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Cardiomyopathy 223either by reduced
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Cardiomyopathy 225Figure 10.10 Flow
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Cardiomyopathy 227On the other hand
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Cardiomyopathy 229volumes are both
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Cardiomyopathy 231(A)TMFAE(B)PVFDMe
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Cardiomyopathy 233(A)(B)LUPVLAAoLAA
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Cardiomyopathy 235(A)(B)LALV(C)Figu
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Cardiomyopathy 237than moderate MR
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Cardiomyopathy 23920. Yu EH, Omran
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12AortaIVAN IGLESIAS, DANIEL BAINBR
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Aorta 263GRADE 1:NORMALAoGRADE 2:IN
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Aorta 265(A)(B)LALMCARAAoRVRCAFigur
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Aorta 267Figure 12.9Short- (A, B) a
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Aorta 269(A)(B)AORTAMOBILEATHEROMA(
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Aorta 271diameter (22). Aneurysms o
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Aorta 273(A)(B)NCCRALARCCMPALCCANEU
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Aorta 275(A)(B)LAARTEFACT(C)AoARTEF
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Aorta 277(A)(B)AoLATVRAFL TLPVRV(C)
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Aorta 279(A)(B)AORTICHEMATOMAAo(C)A
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Aorta 281(A)(B)FLTLAo(C)(D)INTRALUM
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Aorta 28331. Bansal RC, Chandraseka
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14Perioperative Role of TEE in Mech
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TEE in Mechanical Circulatory Assis
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15Native Aortic ValveFRANÇOIS A. B
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Native Aortic Valve 331Figure 15.2
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Native Aortic Valve 333(A)(B)ARANTI
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Native Aortic Valve 335(A) (B) (C)
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Native Aortic Valve 337(A)(B)LAAoLV
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Native Aortic Valve 339(A)(B)MVAoVL
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Native Aortic Valve 341(A)(B)LAAoVL
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Native Aortic Valve 343(A)(B)SAMLAI
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Native Aortic Valve 345(A)(B)AoVLAT
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Native Aortic Valve 347Although the
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Native Aortic Valve 349substitution
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Native Aortic Valve 351(A)(B)AoVLVO
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Native Aortic Valve 353(A)(B)LARPAL
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Native Aortic Valve 355(A)(B)LAAoVR
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Native Aortic Valve 357In those pat
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Native Aortic Valve 359Table 15.4 E
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Native Aortic Valve 36111. Levine R
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Page 412 and 413: 17Mitral ValveANDRÉ SAINT-PIERRELa
Page 414 and 415: Mitral Valve 385(A)SCHEMATIC VIEW(B
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Page 418 and 419: Mitral Valve 389(A)(B)LVP3A2LAAA1Fi
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Page 438 and 439: Mitral Valve 409Left ventricular sy
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Page 476 and 477: 19Pulmonic and Tricuspid ValvesFRAN
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23Intracavitary ContentsMARIA DI LO
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Intracavitary Contents 499(A)(B)PFO
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Intracavitary Contents 501(A)(B)LAL
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Intracavitary Contents 503artery ca
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Intracavitary Contents 505(A)(B)MYX
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Intracavitary Contents 507(A)(B)LVL
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Intracavitary Contents 509(A)(B)THY
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Intracavitary Contents 511wall clos
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Intracavitary Contents 513(A)(B)LAR
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Intracavitary Contents 515(A)(B)PER
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Intracavitary Contents 517dysfuncti
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Intracavitary Contents 519endocardi
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Intracavitary Contents 521and angle
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Intracavitary Contents 52317. Lando
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25Indications for Perioperative Tra
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Indications for Perioperative TEE 5
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570 IndexAortic aneurysmclassificat
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572 IndexColor jet area, 402Commiss
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574 IndexHypotension, 491Hypothermi
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576 IndexMitral valve repair, 394,
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578 IndexRight atrial thrombus, 517
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580 IndexTricuspid leafletsanterior
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DK2985_C000 1..28 - AlSharqia Echo Club

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