DK2985_C000 1..28 - AlSharqia Echo Club

572 IndexColor jet area, 402Commissural prolapse, 441Complex single ventricle, 550Complications, 141–155Concordant, 526Congenital aortic valve stenosisbicuspid aortic valve, 546Congenital cardiac malformations,534–535Congenital heart defects, 526–548repaired, 548–552Congenital heart disease, 525–552,558–559surgeryTEE role, 552Constrictive pericarditis, 252–258,255, 256, 257echocardiographic findings, 252restrictive cardiomyopathy,253–258, 257and restrictive cardiomyopathydifferences, 236–237Continuity equation, 411, 421and mass conservation principle, 116methodvalvular areas, 116Continuous wave (CW) Doppler,27–30, 401flow, 32left ventricular apex, 321mitral regurgitation, 344pressure half-time, 423Controlled bypass, 291–295Coronary arteryanatomyevaluation, 565diseaseacute allograft rejection,479–480distribution and flow, 157–158imagingcoronary vasodilatorreserve, 181–182Coronary distributiontransesophageal echocardiographicview, 161transgastric echocardiographicview, 161Coronary revascularization, 165, 275aortic and mitral valvereplacement, 377LVOT, 506mid-esophageal four-chamberview, 450right ventricular outflow tractobstruction, 208Coronary sinus (CS), 87catheter, 289–291lower esophageal view, 75low-esophageal four-chamberview, 103visualization, 289Cor triatriatum, 542–543variants, 542Cor triatriatum sinisterEustachian valve, 544variants, 543Crohn’s disease, 515Damping materialrole, 45Descending aorta, 263–264deep esophageal view, 99hematoma, 279short-axis view, 269Descending aorta-flow reversaland aortic regurgitation, 86Destination therapy, 315Devereux methodASE, 107Diastolic dysfunction, 169cardiopulmonary bypass, 201echocardiographic classification, 200Diastolic functionassessment, 308Diastolic pressure gradient, 409Diastolic transvalvular gradientsmeasurement, 420Diastolic waves, 73Dicom standard, 21Dilatation aorticbicuspid aortic stenosis, 340Dilated ascending aortadistal view, 266Dilated cardiomyopathy, 227–234clinical features, 228echocardiographic features, 228–233chambers dilation, 228diastolic dysfunction, 230secondary findings, 230–233ventricular systolic dysfunction,229–230epidemiology, 227–228noncompacted LV, 233–234anatomical features, 233–234clinical features, 233echocardiographic features, 234epidemiology, 233nontransplant surgery, 234transthoracic apical four-chamberview, 232Dilated ischemic cardiomyopathydiastolic dysfunction, 231mid-esophageal four-chamberview, 235transgastric mid-papillaryview, 229Discordant, 526Disk-shaped transducer, 43Dobutamine, 301Doppler, 108–119. See alsopulsed-wave Doppleraliasingmitral stenosis, 125clinical applications, 36color, 31–37color flowjet area mapping, 397continuous and pulsed-wave,27–30continuous wave (CW), 27–30, 401left ventricular apex, 321mitral regurgitation, 344pressure half-time, 423effect, 23–25target motion, 24flow, 135–138, 221flow profilesnormal and abnormalphysiology, 81–87formula, 25high-PRF PW, 27interrogationaortic valve, 34jet area mappingcolor flow, 397LVOT, 65principle, 33schematic spectrum, 108shift, 25tissue imaging, 37ultrasoundbeam, 338clinical applications, 39principles, 23–39velocitiesnormal values, 109Doppler, Johann Christian, 23Double inlet, 526Double inlet left ventricle, 551Double-orifice mitral valve, 545Double outlet, 526Double purse-string suturetechnique, 463Duchenne dystrophy, 236Dynamic range compression, 17Dynamic reception focus, 48Dysfunctional mitral bioprosthesismid-esophageal long-axis view, 428Ebstein’s anomaly, 539intraoperative views, 540tricuspid valve, 539–540Echocardiographic findings,405–406