DK2985_C000 1..28 - AlSharqia Echo Club

Index 571Atrial thrombus, 132Atrioventricular connection, 526Atrioventricular septal defect,535–538, 538Atrioventricular valvesschematic drawing, 385Attenuation, 9–10components, 10Ball-in-cage prosthesis, 424Ball-in-cage valves, 418Ball thrombusapical, 177Basal inferior ventricular aneurysmmid-esophageal two-chamberview, 179Basal ventricular septal defectmid-esophageal four-chamberview, 174Baseline shift, 137–138Beam focusing, 47Benign cardiac tumors, 504–508Bentall procedure, 288Bernoulli equation, 342Biatrial techniqueorthotopic heart transplantation, 472Bicaval technique, 472, 473Bicuspid aortic stenosisdilatation aortic, 340Bicuspid aortic valve, 352, 546congenital aortic valve stenosis, 546Bicuspid bi-commissural aorticvalve, 335Bicuspid stenotic pulmonic valve, 461Bicuspid unicommissural aorticvalve, 334Bilateral lung transplantation, 483transesophageal echocardiographicsystematic examination, 485Bilateral pleural effusion, 246Bileaflet mechanical prosthetic valvemid-esophageal pressuregradient, 422Bileaflet prosthetic valvedysfunction, 466Biological effects, 141–144intensity measurement andquantification, 144Biological tissue valves, 418–419Bioprosthetic mitral valve stenosisand regurgitation, 420Biventricular function evaluation, 195Biventricular thrombi, 517Blood flow, 108Body surface area2-D cardiac structures, 96Bridge to recovery device, 315Bridge to transplant device, 315Brightness (B) mode, 12Brockenbrough-Braunwaldphenomenon, 218Calcified structures, 512Canadian Consensus Conferenceon Heart Valve Surgery, 368Carbomedics, 418Carbon dioxide embolism, 211Cardiac aneurysmsrepair and assessment, 563Cardiac appendages, 69Cardiac chambers, 64–65and great vesselsnormal pressures, 83Cardiac cycle phases, 81–83Cardiac disorders, 493Cardiac hemangioma, 508Cardiac massesremoval evaluation, 563Cardiac output, 115–116Cardiac physiologycardiopulmonary bypass, 291–300,304–310hypothermia, hemodilution, andnonpulsatile flow, 304myocardial perfusion andcardioplegia, 304Cardiac septae, 65–69Cardiac surgeryechocardiography, 285–310intraoperative echocardiography, 556usefulness, 557TEE role, 310Cardiac tamponade, 242–2522-D echocardiographic features,248–250Doppler features, 250Cardiac transplantationacute rejection, 474atrial anastomosis, 473mid-esophagealfour-chamber view, 475long-axis view, 474two-chamber view, 477mid-papillary transgastric view, 476pseudoaneurysm, 479right ventricular echocardiographicmeasurements, 478TEE role, 480Cardiac trauma, 564–565Cardiac tumorsclassification, 504Cardiogenic shockleft ventricular dysfunction, 202Cardiographic infusionaortic and mitral valveregurgitation, 305Cardiomyopathy, 215–238dilated, 227–234dilated ischemicdiastolic dysfunction, 231mid-esophageal four-chamberview, 235transgastric mid-papillaryview, 229hypertrophic, 223obstructive, 343, 560–561hypertrophic septalmid-esophageal long-axisview, 217repair, 565restrictive and infiltrative, 234–238transesophagealechocardiography, 494Cardioplegia cannulabicaval view, 290Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)devices used, 286–291mean pulmonary outflow tractvelocities, 115mid-esophageal long-axis view, 437pulmonary hypertension, 425surgery, 193Cardiotomyair emboli detection, 564Carpentierfunctional classification, 399Catheterscentral venous, 286CS, 289–291intracardiac, 286mediastinalpleural fluid drainage, 286–287Cavitation, 143Central acceleration zonepulmonary artery, 38Central venous catheters, 286Centrifugal pumps, 317–319, 322cardiac transplantation, 323Chamber compressionhematoma, 250–251Chiari network, 133, 134, 498Chordal rupture, 394, 396Circumference fiber shortening, 106Cleft mitral valve, 545–546Color-coded mapping, 38Color Doppler, 31–37aliasingmitral stenosis, 125flow, 135–138, 221LVOT, 65principle, 33Color flow Dopplerjet area mapping, 397Color flow imaging, 33mid-esophageal view, 433