DK2985_C000 1..28 - AlSharqia Echo Club

Index 575global functionassessment, 306inflow, 83–84abnormal relaxation, 83restrictive filling, 83–84mid-esophageal long-axisview, 61pressure changetime measurement, 195pressure–volume relationship, 187load and function changes, 187pseudoaneurysmantero-basal, 180short-axes diameterstransgastric mid-papillaryview, 97spatial orientation, 94systolic dysfunction, 194systolic functionevaluation, 196tamponade, 248thrombus, 176–177, 513time indices measurement, 106transgastric mid-papillaryechocardiographic view, 63transgastric view, 63Left ventricular outflow tract(LVOT), 35, 86coronary revascularization, 506flow acceleration, 225gradient, 222mid-esophageal long-axisview, 98, 346obstruction, 192, 204–206, 223aortic valve replacement, 207pulsed-wave Dopplerinterrogation, 81transgastric view, 81Linear fissureTEE probe, 148Lipomas, 505–506Lipomatous hypertrophy, 133atrial septum, 132interatrial septum, 502Liver transplantation, 491–495mid-esophageal four-chamberview, 494procedure, 491–492anhepatic stage, 492postanhepatic stage, 492preanhepatic stage, 491–492Longitudinal waves, 4momentum, 2Lung transplantation, 481–489hemodynamic instability,486, 487TEE role, 481–482, 489after procedure, 483–487intensive care unit, 487–489during procedure, 482–483transesophageal echocardiographicsystematic examination, 485Lymphomas, 508–509Malignant cardiac tumors, 508–511Mappingcolor-coded, 38jet areacolor flow Doppler, 397standard color, 29Marfan’s syndrome, 349Mass conservation principleand continuity equation, 116Maximal imaging depth, 18Mechanical bileaflet prosthesisdiastole, 426mid-esophageal view, 426, 427Mechanical circulatory assistanceTEE role, 315–327Mechanical indextransmitting power, 5Mechanical mitral valve prostheses, 418Mechanical valves, 418–419Mediastinal catheterpleural fluid drainage, 286–287Mesotheliomas, 511Metabolic acidosis, 492Metastatic breast cancermid-esophageal four-chamber andbicaval view, 511Mirror images, 124–125Miscellaneous, 512Mitral and tricuspid annulardiameters, 101Mitral annular velocities (MAV)tissue Doppler, 171Mitral annuloplasty ringstransgastric view, 434various models, 440Mitral annulusextensive calcification,441–442Mitral bioprosthesisdysfunctionalmid-esophageal long-axisview, 428mid-esophageal long-axisview, 431Mitral bioprosthesis leafletsmid-esophageal long-axisview, 419Mitral bioprosthetic valvereoperation, 431Mitral mechanical bileaflet prosthesismid-esophageal long-axisview, 421, 424mid-esophageal two-chamber view, 425Mitral regurgitation (MR), 36, 400acute, 395, 404mid-esophageal two-chamberview, 398continuous-wave Doppler, 344etiology, 388left atrial pressure, 114mid-esophageal view, 196severity score, 401Mitral stenosis, 405–409associated findings, 406color Doppler aliasing, 125evaluation summary, 413pressure half-time, 410quantitative echocardiographicevaluation, 409and regurgitation, 406severity, 409Mitral valve, 83, 383–413basal transgastric view, 80deep transgastric view, 338double-orifice, 545echocardiographic and anatomicalrepresentation, 386, 387echocardiographic representation,388, 389intraoperative examination, 440mid-esophageal four-chamberview, 80, 386mid-esophageal long-axis view, 436mid-esophageal two-chamber view, 389mitral stenosis, 83regurgitation, 83reoperation, 290surgical and intraoperativeview, 384Mitral valve annuluscalcification, 512Mitral valve anomalies, 543–546Mitral valve area, 409calculation, 412continuity equation, 410–411planimetry, 409pressure half-time, 409–410proximal flow convergence, 411Mitral valve flutteringaortic regurgitation, 206, 210Mitral valve functionleft ventricular mass, 476Mitral valve inflowDoppler interrogation, 33Mitral valve leafletsanterior and posterior, 394Mitral valve lesionsanatomical manifestations,384–395examination, 384–388Mitral valve regurgitation, 397mechanism and quantification, 395