DK2985_C000 1..28 - AlSharqia Echo Club

96 Transesophageal EchocardiographyFigure 5.7 Diameters of 2D cardiac structures according to body surface area. [Adapted from Cohen (11)]chordal–leaflet junction or at the tips of the mitral valveleaflets. However, this measurement may be quite variable.Measurement of the Left and Right AtriaThe major, or long, axis of the left and right atria can bemeasured in the superior–inferior plane from a fourchamberview in the mid-esophageal position at 08, frominner edge of the dome of the atria to the middle of theatrioventricular valve annulus (Fig. 5.11). The minor, orshort, axis of the left and right atria is measured in thelateral to septal plane perpendicular to the hypotheticallong axis at a point located halfway (Fig. 5.12).Measurement of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract(LVOT) and Aorta DiametersThe diameter of the aorta is measured at variouslocations. From the long axis-aortic view in the midesophagealposition at 100–1358, measurements aretaken at the LVOT at the base of the aortic cusps, theaortic sinuses, the sinotubular junction and the proximal,middle, and distal ascending aorta (Fig. 5.13).From the high esophageal position at 908, the transversearch can be measured before the origin of the brachiocephalictrunk and between the brachiocephalic trunk