DK2985_C000 1..28 - AlSharqia Echo Club

Index 579Systematic transesophagealechocardiography examinationand imaging planes, 56–64four-chamber view, 61image display, 57structures, 57–61TEE probe, 56–57thoracic aorta, 62–64transgastric view, 61–62Systolic anterior motion (SAM),220, 438, 444mid-esophageal long-axisview, 370obstruction, 223risk assessment, 224Systolic changesglobal function, 162–165Systolic time intervals, 105Systolic ventricular functionglobal, 165–167Systolic waves, 73Tamponade, 249mechanical ventilation, 251respiratory changes, 252Tamponade patientsventricular changes, 251Thermal bioeffect, 142Thermal index (TI)transmitting power, 6Thermal safety, 143Thoracic aortashort-axis view, 78Thoracic aortic aneurysmsTEE, 271Thoracic aortic dissections, 559–560Thoracic dissectionacutepatient assessment, 563Thoratec system, 327Three-dimensional echocardiography, 53Thrombotic pulmonary emboli, 211Thrombusleft atrial appendage, 233Thymomas, 508Tilting disk prostheses, 418Time gain compensation (TGC), 15Time-of-flight, 13Tissue DopplerMAV, 166, 171Tissue harmonic imaging, 53Tissue injurytemperature elevations, 142Tissue propertiestemperature increases, 142Trabecular muscular ventricular septaldefect, 537Trabeculations, 129Transducerdynamic relationship, 46Transducer arrays, 50Transducer classifications, 49–50Transducer Doppler mode, 29Transducer operations, 43–49image generation, 49ultrasound energy emission, 44Transducers, 41–54examples, 43opening frequencies, 52Transducer structure, 42–43assembly and array, 43Piezoelectric element, 42–43Transducer technologyrecent and future, 53–54Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE), 119, 146, 220, 373,375, 484, 492–495anglescorrelation, 432antibioprophylaxis, 147ascending aorta, 281assist devices description, 315–316cardiomyopathy, 494complications, 151–154, 152congenital heart disease surgery, 552diagnostic tool, 262–263equipment, 145evidence, 557–562, 562–565export support, 565general approach, 145guidelines review, 556–557heart transplantation, 471surgical considerations, 471hepatopulmonary syndrome, 493images, 58and imaging planes, 56–64indications, 555–565intraoperatively, 495intraoperative monitoring, 147monitoringaortic and mitral valvereplacement, 152monitoring and patient position, 147patient evaluation and preparation, 146pericardial and pleural effusions, 494perioperative period, 472–475portopulmonary hypertension,493–494postoperative period, 475–480right ventricular remodeling,475–476preoperatively, 493–494probebuckling, 149cleaning and disinfection, 155control knobs, 149fiberoptic laryngoscope, 151hypoxia managementalgorithm, 153insertion, 153inspection, 147–149lateral insertion, 151linear fissure, 148lubricant, 150orientation, 57protective covers, 155quick reference guide, 558sedative agents, 148thoracic aorta and aortic archvessels, 263views, 59Transesophageal multiple transducer, 43Transesophageal probe manipulationgraphic display, 56Transgastric right ventricular outflowtract, 488Transient ischemic attacksupper-esophageal aortic view, 510Transmitral flowpulsed-wave Doppler, 166Transmitral flow (TMF)pulsed-wave Doppler, 166, 168Transprosthetic gradient, 419–421Transthoracic echocardiographymeasurement methods, 95Transthoracic echocardiography(TTE), 145Transtricuspid flow (TTF), 36Transtricuspid inflowDoppler changes, 256Transvalvular pressure gradienttransgastric longitudinal view, 375Transvalvular pressure gradientsevaluation, 374Transvalvular prosthetic regurgitation,428–429Transverse aortaupper esophageal view, 79Transverse pericardium sinus, 134–135Transverse sinus, 136, 498aorta, 136fatty tissue, 500RVOL, 137Transverse waves, 2Traumatic mitral valve injury, 394Traumatic ruptureaorta, 279–280Traumatic thoracic aortic disruption,559–560Tricuspid and pulmonic valveanatomy, 447–450Tricuspid annular diameters, 101Tricuspid annuloplasty, 464Tricuspid atrioventricular junctionmid-esophageal four-chamberview, 509