DK2985_C000 1..28 - AlSharqia Echo Club

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4Normal Anatomy and FlowGEORGE N. HONOS, JEAN BUITHIEUMcGill University, Montreal, CanadaNICOLAS DÜRRLEMAN, ANDRÉ Y. DENAULTUniversity of Montreal, Montreal, CanadaI. Normal Anatomy and Flow During theComplete Examination 56A. Systematic Transesophageal EchocardiographyExamination and Imaging Planes 561. TEE Probe Manipulation 562. Conventions of Image Display 573. Views and Structures 574. Four-Chamber View (0–208,Retroflexion) 615. Transgastric Views (08, 908, and 1358) 616. Thoracic Aorta Views (08, 908) 62B. Anatomy and Physiology 641. Cardiac Chambers 642. Cardiac Septae 653. Cardiac Appendages 694. Veins 695. Arteries 726. Valves 77II. Doppler Flow Profiles for Normal andAbnormal Physiology 81A. Phases of the Cardiac Cycle(Systole vs Diastole/Four Phases) 81B. Normal Pressures in Cardiac Chambersand Great Vessels 83C. Mitral Valve 831. Mitral Regurgitation 832. Mitral Stenosis 83D. Left Ventricular Inflow 831. Abnormal Relaxation 832. Restrictive Filling 83E. Tricuspid Valve 84F. Aortic Valve 851. Aortic Regurgitation 852. Aortic Stenosis 85G. Pulmonic Valve 851. Pulmonic Regurgitation 852. Pulmonic Stenosis 85H. Left Ventricular Outflow Tract 86I. Pulmonary Vein 86J. Hepatic Vein 86K. Ascending Aorta 86L. Descending Aorta-FlowReversal and AorticRegurgitation 86M. Coronary Sinus 86N. Pulmonary Artery 87III. Conclusion 87References 8755
56 Transesophageal EchocardiographyI. NORMAL ANATOMY AND FLOW DURINGTHE COMPLETE EXAMINATIONA. Systematic TransesophagealEchocardiography Examinationand Imaging Planes1. TEE Probe Manipulation (Fig. 4.1)Following successful insertion into the patient’s esophagus,the operator manipulates the TransesophagealEchocardiography (TEE) Exam probe to obtain thedesired cross-sectional images of the heart (1). Becauseof individual variation in the anatomic relationshipbetween the esophagus and the heart, manipulation mustbe individualized and based on the images that unfoldon the echo system’s display. Moreover, unlike forcomprehensive transthoracic imaging, where a systematicapproach is generally preferred, a TEE study should betailored to address the clinical question first, followed byacquisition of the other standard views and Doppler information.This initial targeted approach is prudent in order toensure that the study is diagnostic even in the event that theexam must be terminated quickly or postponed due topatient discomfort or clinical instability (e.g. suspectedaortic dissection) (2).Transesophageal echocardiography transducer manipulationoptions include (Fig. 4.1). Advancement/withdrawal, (to view inferior orsuperior structures, respectively). Rotation (clockwise to view rightward structuresand counterclockwise to view leftward structures)Figure 4.1Graphical display of transesophageal probe manipulation and cardiac orientation.
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TransesophagealEchocardiographyMult
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Published in 2005 byTaylor & Franci
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ForewordThe use of transesophageal
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xPrefaceThere are several other ind
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ContentsForeword Jean-Francois Hard
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ContributorsRobert Amyot, MD, FRCPC
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ContributorsxviiFrançois Marcotte,
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xxAbbreviationsCNS central nervous
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xxiiAbbreviationsPMLPpaPPHPPHTNPraP
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How to Use the Transesophageal Echo
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1Principles of UltrasoundALAIN GAUV
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Principles of Ultrasound 3Table 1.1
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Page 70 and 71: 3TransducersFRANÇOIS HADDADUnivers
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Page 80 and 81: Transducers 51(A)(B)(C)Figure 3.15
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Page 118 and 119: 5Quantitative EchocardiographyJEAN
Page 120 and 121: Quantitative Echocardiography 91dim
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Quantitative Echocardiography 105in
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Quantitative Echocardiography 107Fi
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Quantitative Echocardiography 115On
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Quantitative Echocardiography 117Ha
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Quantitative Echocardiography 119fl
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6Imaging Artifacts and PitfallsROBE
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 123F
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 125F
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 127(
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Imaging Artifacts and Pitfalls 1391
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142 Transesophageal Echocardiograph
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9Global Ventricular Function and He
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Global Ventricular Function and Hem
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10CardiomyopathyVICKY SOULIÈRE, PH
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Cardiomyopathy 217Figure 10.1 (A, B
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Cardiomyopathy 219Figure 10.4 Systo
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Cardiomyopathy 221RVOT must also be
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Cardiomyopathy 223either by reduced
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Cardiomyopathy 225Figure 10.10 Flow
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Cardiomyopathy 227On the other hand
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Cardiomyopathy 229volumes are both
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Cardiomyopathy 231(A)TMFAE(B)PVFDMe
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Cardiomyopathy 233(A)(B)LUPVLAAoLAA
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Cardiomyopathy 235(A)(B)LALV(C)Figu
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Cardiomyopathy 237than moderate MR
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Cardiomyopathy 23920. Yu EH, Omran
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12AortaIVAN IGLESIAS, DANIEL BAINBR
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Aorta 263GRADE 1:NORMALAoGRADE 2:IN
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Aorta 265(A)(B)LALMCARAAoRVRCAFigur
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Aorta 267Figure 12.9Short- (A, B) a
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Aorta 269(A)(B)AORTAMOBILEATHEROMA(
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Aorta 271diameter (22). Aneurysms o
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Aorta 273(A)(B)NCCRALARCCMPALCCANEU
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Aorta 275(A)(B)LAARTEFACT(C)AoARTEF
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Aorta 277(A)(B)AoLATVRAFL TLPVRV(C)
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Aorta 279(A)(B)AORTICHEMATOMAAo(C)A
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Aorta 281(A)(B)FLTLAo(C)(D)INTRALUM
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Aorta 28331. Bansal RC, Chandraseka
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14Perioperative Role of TEE in Mech
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TEE in Mechanical Circulatory Assis
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15Native Aortic ValveFRANÇOIS A. B
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Native Aortic Valve 331Figure 15.2
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Native Aortic Valve 333(A)(B)ARANTI
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Native Aortic Valve 335(A) (B) (C)
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Native Aortic Valve 337(A)(B)LAAoLV
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Native Aortic Valve 339(A)(B)MVAoVL
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Native Aortic Valve 341(A)(B)LAAoVL
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Native Aortic Valve 343(A)(B)SAMLAI
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Native Aortic Valve 345(A)(B)AoVLAT
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Native Aortic Valve 347Although the
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Native Aortic Valve 349substitution
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Native Aortic Valve 351(A)(B)AoVLVO
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Native Aortic Valve 353(A)(B)LARPAL
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Native Aortic Valve 355(A)(B)LAAoVR
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Native Aortic Valve 357In those pat
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Native Aortic Valve 359Table 15.4 E
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Native Aortic Valve 36111. Levine R
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17Mitral ValveANDRÉ SAINT-PIERRELa
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Mitral Valve 385(A)SCHEMATIC VIEW(B
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Mitral Valve 387Figure 17.5 Echocar
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Mitral Valve 389(A)(B)LVP3A2LAAA1Fi
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Mitral Valve 391(A)(B)(C)(D)A1LAP1L
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Mitral Valve 393(A)(B)LARALVRV(C)(D
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Mitral Valve 395(A)(B)AoVFLAIL P1LA
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Mitral Valve 397(A)(B)P3LALVLAAA1(C
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Mitral Valve 399(A)(B)LALAALV(C)(D)
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Mitral Valve 401Table 17.3Mitral Re
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Mitral Valve 403(A)(B)MITRAL VALVEV
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Mitral Valve 405(A)EKG(B)PVFPaSDRES
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Mitral Valve 407Table 17.4BVR Echoc
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Mitral Valve 409Left ventricular sy
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Mitral Valve 411(A)(B)LALVAoRV(C)TM
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Mitral Valve 413Table 17.8StenosisT
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Mitral Valve 415identification of a
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19Pulmonic and Tricuspid ValvesFRAN
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Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valves 449Ta
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Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valves 451(A
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Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valves 459ti
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Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valves 463AN
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Pulmonic and Tricuspid Valves 46939
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23Intracavitary ContentsMARIA DI LO
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Intracavitary Contents 499(A)(B)PFO
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Intracavitary Contents 501(A)(B)LAL
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Intracavitary Contents 503artery ca
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Intracavitary Contents 505(A)(B)MYX
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Intracavitary Contents 507(A)(B)LVL
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Intracavitary Contents 509(A)(B)THY
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Intracavitary Contents 511wall clos
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Intracavitary Contents 513(A)(B)LAR
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Intracavitary Contents 515(A)(B)PER
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Intracavitary Contents 517dysfuncti
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Intracavitary Contents 519endocardi
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Intracavitary Contents 521and angle
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Intracavitary Contents 52317. Lando
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25Indications for Perioperative Tra
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Indications for Perioperative TEE 5
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570 IndexAortic aneurysmclassificat
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572 IndexColor jet area, 402Commiss
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574 IndexHypotension, 491Hypothermi
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576 IndexMitral valve repair, 394,
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578 IndexRight atrial thrombus, 517
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580 IndexTricuspid leafletsanterior
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DK2985_C000 1..28 - AlSharqia Echo Club

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