in Albania - Instituti i Shendetit Publik

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ALBANIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENTType 2 diabetes mellitus and the geneticcomponent: opportunities for early preventionHerion Muja 11Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is reported tohave a genetic component. Changes in life-stylecharacteristics of Albanian population point towardan increasing prevalence of DM in the future. Anypreventive option could help to alleviate DMburden. Our aim was to determine the associationof family history of diabetes with the presence ofDM among Albanian adults.Methods: During April-November 2012, 845randomly selected urban Tirana individuals agede 18 years old were interviewed. Participants wereasked to report if they had ever been diagnosedwith diabetes by a doctor or other medical staff andwhether they had any diabetic close relatives. Binarylogistic regression was used to assess the associationof family history with type 2 DM.Results: Mean age of participants was 50.4 yearsold (51.3 years in men and 49.7% in women). Theoverall prevalence of diabetes in this sample ofadults was 11.5% (no significant sex difference).Almost one third of respondents (32.4%) had atleast one close relative with diabetes. The likelihoodof having DM was 4.6 time higher among thosewith a positive family history for diabetes comparedto those having no diabetic relatives (OR=4.6, 95%CI:2.7-7.9) after multivariable adjustment analysis.Conclusion: Type 2 DM has a strong geneticcomponent among Albanian adult population.Educating the general population about this aspectcould raise the awareness of diabetic individualsclose relatives to regularly monitor their blood sugarlevels and avoid diabetes risk factors.Keywords: adults, diabetes mellitus, diabetes familyhistory.24 ALBANIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT
INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH CONFERENCE IN TIRANA, ALBANIAStress Reduction in the Secondary Prevention ofCardiovascular Disease Randomized, ControlledTrial of Transcendental Meditation and HealthEducation in Black individualsRobert H. Schneider 11Institute for Natural Medicine and Prevention, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, USA.Context: Blacks have disproportionately high ratesof cardiovascular disease. Psychosocial stress maycontribute to this disparity. Previous trials on stressreduction with the Transcendental Meditation (TM)program have reported improvements in cardiovasculardisease risk factors, surrogate end points,and mortality in blacks and other populations.Methods: This was a randomized, controlled trialof 201 black men and women with coronary heartdisease who were randomized to the TM programor health education. The primary end point was thecomposite of all-cause mortality, myocardialinfarction, or stroke. Secondary end points includedthe composite of cardiovascular mortality, revascularizations,and cardiovascular hospitalizations; bloodpressure; psychosocial stress factors; and lifestylebehaviors.Results: During an average follow-up of 5.4 years,there was a 48% risk reduction in the primary endpoint in the TM group (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95%confidence interval, 0.29 0.92; P=0.025). The TMgroup also showed a 24% risk reduction in thesecondary end point (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95%confidence interval, 0.51 0.1.13; P=0.17). Therewere reductions of 4.9 mm Hg in systolic bloodpressure (95% confidence interval -8.3 to 1.5 mmHg; P=0.01) and anger expression (P
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