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ALBANIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENTInfant mortality in Albania: A detailed picture over theperiod 2001-2011Eduard Kakarriqi 1,2 , Bukurie Gega 1 , Bajram Dedja 1 , Alba Merdani 1 ,Dorina Çanaku 1 , Miranda Hajdini 1 , Gazmend Bejtja 31Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania;2Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania;3Ministry of Health, Tirana, Albania.Aim: The study aims at displaying a detailed pictureof infant mortality in Albania, giving the properanswers to the respective issues such as place (infantmortality rates IMRs according to prefecture andcountry level), time (respective IMRs trends overthe period 2001-2011), age-groups (early neonatal,late neonatal and post-neonatal mortality rates), andcausality as well.Methods: Two are the main data sources, namelythe IMR data obtained by the Institute of StatisticsINSTAT (based on death certificates), and IMRoperative data obtained by the Ministry of HealthMoH (data based on timely respective deathnotification by health centres all over the country).As regards the causality, the study was based on ascrutinized analysis of death certificates (availablefrom INSTAT) of all infant deaths in 2001 and2003.Results: (i) there is a significant difference betweenIMRs provided by INSTAT data and IMRSprovided by the MoH operative data, the formerbeing always (far) lowest than the latter; (ii) there isa significant exponential decreasing trend of IMRsat both prefecture and country level over the period2001-2011 in Albania: from a country rate of 17.5/1000 at 2001 to country rates of 9.7/1000 and 8.7/1000 in 2010 and 2011, respectively; (iii)nevertheless, there exist (large) differences of IMRsbetween country prefectures (regions): thoughannual oscillations, regions with the highest IMRs andthose with the lowest ones over years might bepointed out; (iv) the burden of early neonatalmortality rate on the total IMR is increasing overtime; (v) the death causality patterns of the three agegroupsof the first year of age are different: whilethe main death causes in early neonatal period includeNeonatal Diseases and Congenital Malformations,in the late neonatal period and post-neonatal periodthe mortality patterns attempt to be the same withthose of infant mortality (0-1 year) in total, with theAcute Respiratory Infections as the main cause ofdeath; (vi) there are no significant gender-specific(male-female) differences in IMRs; (vii) there are nosignificant differences over time (2001-2011) in theIMRs according to place of residence (urban vs.rural areas).Conclusion: The afore-mentioned results pave theway to draw the respective study conclusions.Keywords: infant mortality, INSTA T, trends over time.50 ALBANIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT
INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH CONFERENCE IN TIRANA, ALBANIAUnder-5 mortality in Albania: A detailed picture forthe period 2001-2009Eduard Kakarriqi 1,2 , Bajram Dedja 1 , Bukurie Gega 11Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania;2Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.Aim: This study aims at displaying a detailed pictureof under-5 (=child, =1-4 years) mortality in Albania,giving the proper answers to the respective issuessuch as place (under-5 mortality rates U-5MRsaccording to prefecture and country level), time(respective IMRs trends over the period 2001-2009),and causality as well.Methods: The data (based on death certificates) areobtained by the official annual publications of theInstitute of Statistics (INSTAT), whose content doesnot provide all required outputs on the matter. Theavailable data were analyzed in order to obtain theU-5 MRs at both regional (prefecture) and countrylevel over the period from 2001 to 2009 (the lastannual INSTAT publication on mortality in Albania).Results: Salient findings consist of the following:(i) there is a significant exponential decreasing trendof U-5 MRs at both prefecture and country levelover the period 2001-2009 in Albania: from acountry rates of 6.9/ 1000 6.7/ 1000 in 2001-2002to country rates of 2.5/ 1000 2.7/ 1000 in 2007-2009; (ii) nevertheless, there exist (large) differencesof U-5 MRs between country prefectures (regions)though annual oscillations; (iii) the causality patternspresent a significant descending burden rankingbeing portrayed by circulatory system diseases,followed by injuries/accidents and respiratory systemdiseases; (iv) there are no significant differencesbetween gender-specific (male-female) U-5 MRs; (v)there is no significant difference over time (2001-2009) in the U-5 MRs according to place ofresidence (urban vs. rural areas).Conclusion: The afore-mentioned results pave theway to draw the respective study conclusions, whichare important for policy formulation in Albania.Keywords: child mortality, INSTAT, under-5 mortality.ALBANIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT51
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