A Wordnet from the Ground Up

30 Chapter 2. Building a Wordnet CoreRather naturally for a Polish resource, there are additional details for the adjectivepolski ‘Polish’. It has three hyponyms:• śląski ‘Silesian’,• mazowiecki ‘Mazovian’ (with warszawski ‘from/of Warsaw’ as its hyponym),• małopolski ‘from/of Lesser Poland’ (with two hyponyms, krakowski ‘Cracovian’and oświęcimski ‘from/of Auschwitz’).Sometimes lexical gaps occur in the hyponymy/hypernymy hierarchy. There aregroups of LUs closely related as denoting kinds or forms of something, but there is noLU to denote their common hypernym (i.e. a LU existing in Polish). We fill such gapswith artificial LUs, following the practice in GermaNet (Hamp and Feldweg, 1997).An artificial unit is a syntactic construction, not lexicalised in Polish. For example, thenoun LU człowiek ‘human’ dominates a lexico-semantic relation tree with more than20 artificial units. They include:• człowiek ze względu na swoje zajęcie ‘human with regard to occupation’;• człowiek ze względu na płeć ‘human with regard to sex’;• człowiek ze względu na kwalifikacje ‘human with regard to qualifications’ (thehyponyms include amator ‘amateur’ and ekspert ‘expert’);• człowiek ze względu na sytuacje materialną ‘human with regard to financialcondition’ (with the hyponyms pan ‘lord’, pani ‘lady’, bogacz ‘rich man’, biedak‘poor man’ (with its hyponym żebrak ‘beggar’));• człowiek ze względu na swoje cechy ‘human with regard to personal features’ –it is the root of a larger hyponymic cluster:– człowiek oceniany pozytywnie albo negatywnie ‘human perceived positivelyor negatively’,– człowiek charakteryzujący się jakąś cechą ‘human characterized by something’,– człowiek ze względu na wiek ‘human with regard to age’;• człowiek ze względu na relacje społeczne ‘human with regard to social relationships’(with członek ‘member’ and członek rodziny ‘family member’ as hyponyms).Artificial units also appear among verbs. The largest hyponymy/hypernymy treefor verbs contains wykonywać czynności prawne ‘perform legal activities’ as the directhypernym of the following hyponyms: