Evidence-Based Practice in Foster Parent Training and Support ...

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EBP in Foster Parent Training and Supportwork practices have been conducted in the absence of, or without adequate attention to, evidenceof their effectiveness in decision making and client care (Gambrill, 2001). Appropriatelyutilizing EBP in child welfare can remedy this by bringing services more in alignment with thebest-available clinical science, and promoting practices which have been demonstrated to be safeand effective.An evidence-based practice is defined as an intervention, program, procedure, or toolwith empirical research to support its efficacy and/or effectiveness. Efficacy refers to the capacityof an intervention to produce the desired effect when tested under carefully controlledconditions. These conditions replicate those found in a laboratory setting; the methodologyutilized in this research is highly selective in terms of the sample, the training and supervision ofstaff, and the implementation of the practice (Chorpita, 2003). These service environments aredue in part to needed constraints imposed by research design, measurement protocols on referralcriteria, and concurrent interventions which serve as comparison groups. Effectiveness refers tothe capacity of an intervention to produce the desired effect when utilized in a general practicesetting, where the power to control confounding factors is reduced (Nathan & Gorman, 2002).Ideally, effectiveness trials follow efficacy trials and are an intermediate step between initialefficacy testing and widespread dissemination (Chaffin & Friedrich, 2004).It is important to think of EBP as a process of posing a question, searching for andevaluating the evidence, and applying the evidence within a client- or policy-specific context(Regehr, Stern, & Shlonsky, 2007). EBP blends current best evidence, community values andpreferences, and agency, societal, and political considerations in order to establish programs andpolicies that are effective and contextualized (Gambrill, 2003, 2006; Gray, 2001). In fact, theCenter for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare (CASCW)University of Minnesota School of Social WorkContact: Kristine N. Piescher, Ph.D. kpiesche@umn.edu 5
EBP in Foster Parent Training and Supportmost widely cited definition of EBP emphasizes “the integration of best research evidence withclinical expertise and patient values” (Sackett, Straus, Richardson, Rosenberg, & Haynes, 2000,p.1). Thinking about EBP as a contextualized process negates the criticism that EBP is acookbook approach that involves extracting best practices from the scientific literature andsimplistically applying them to clients without regard to who the clients are, their personalmotivations and goals, or other potentially complicating life situations, or without the expertiseof the social worker involved (Regehr et al., 2007).Regehr et al. (2007) proposed a model of EBP implementation that reflects the multifacetedcontext of social work practice and policy (see Figure 1). This model (adapted fromHaynes, Devereaux, & Guyatt, 2002) considers the emerging research on the ecologicalinfluences that may affect moving from evidence to practice, such as intraorganizational,extraorganizational, and practitioner-level factors, as well as the dynamic and reciprocalinteractions between levels. For EBPs to be effectively implemented, this model suggests thatclinical expertise and judgment are crucial. In practice, professionals must not only evaluate theresearch evidence supporting a practice, but they must also draw on their expertise to determineif a practice is appropriate for a given client and context.The purpose of this report is to assist TFC professionals expand their knowledge ofrelevant EBPs in foster parent training and support. This report is intended to help TFCprofessionals become familiar with 1) the variety of EBPs that are currently documented in theresearch literature, and 2) the evidence base that supports the efficacy and/or effectiveness ofthese EBPs. It is important to note that because this report relies solely on practices that haveCenter for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare (CASCW)University of Minnesota School of Social WorkContact: Kristine N. Piescher, Ph.D. kpiesche@umn.edu 6
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