PREFACE

Chronology and Culture History Subsistence Strategies Settlement/Mobility StrategiesCeramic Was agriculture adopted by some segments of the localpopulation or did Anasazi and/or Jornada farmers expandinto the region?Was there a single adaptation based partly on agricultureand partly on the exploitation of wild plant and animalresources, or was the region occupied by both farmers andhunter-gatherers?Are the differences in material culture and settlement andsubsistence patterns a reflection of ethnic differences? Isthe local population Puebloan, Plains, or a mixture of both?What are the relative influences of cultures in adjacentareas of the Southwest, Southern Plain, and Trans-Pecos?How do those patterns change over time?Did agricultural groups eventually withdraw fromsoutheastern New Mexico, or did they abandon farming andfocus on bison hunting? If the latter, was the transitionfostered by the development of Pueblo-Plains trade?How were scheduling conflicts betweenagricultural tasks and wild resourceprocurement resolved? gWhat wild plant and animal resources wereexploited by Ceramic period huntergatherers?Which resources were dietarystaples? What food resources were stored? gHow did subsistence strategies change inresponse to the increased abundance ofbison beginning in the late thirteenthcentury? gWhy was agriculture abandoned in the midlatefourteenth century?How might the distribution of soils, precipitation,surface water, and temperature limited agriculturalpotential of the region under the climatic regimes thatprevailed during the Ceramic period?Were horticulturalists in the region sedentary orseasonally mobile? Did they employ a land-extensiveor land-intensive agricultural strategy? Werecommunities aggregated or dispersed?Was the household or some larger organizational unitprimarily responsible for agricultural production and/orthe procurement of wild plant and animal resources?Was residential or logistical mobility employed in theprocurement of wild resources?What were the annual rounds of Ceramic periodhunter-gatherers in the different parts of the region?Was the mobility strategy based primarily onresidential or logistical mobility?Can the territories of hunting and gathering groups bedistinguished from those of the horticulturalists?Were pithouse/pueblo settlements in the EasternJornada occupied seasonally or year-round? Wasresidential or logistical mobility employed in theprocurement of wild resources? If household groupswere seasonally mobile, what was the annual round?Were mobility options limited by a heavy reliance onstorage? gProtohistoric Can Protohistoric groups in the region be distinguished?Are there differences in the settlement and subsistencestrategies of those groups?Can those groups be tied to late prehistoric complexes onthe Southern Plains? Can they be tied to the historicalgroups mentioned in the Spanish records?What subsistence resources other thanbison were exploited by protohistoricgroups? How were scheduling conflictsbetween bison hunting and othersubsistence activities resolved? Whathunting and processing tactics wereemployed by bison hunters in southeasternNew Mexico? gWas the exploitation of non-bison foodresources a response to the constraints onthe extensification strategy imposed by thelimitations of foot travel and dog transport?What criteria can be used to identify Protohistoricoccupations during survey? gDid the Plains Village subsistence pattern persist intothe protohistoric period? How do sites insoutheastern New Mexico fit into the largersettlement-subsistence strategy? What were theseasons of use? Is movement through the regionrelated to the development of exchange relations withPueblo groups in the Gran Quivira area and upperPecos drainage?4-60