PREFACE

Lincoln Phase (ca. AD 1200–1400/1425) sites are found in the same area as the Corona sites but alsoextend into the Rio Hondo drainage. Bloom Mound, located near the junction of the Rio Hondo and thePecos, is also identified as a Lincoln Phase site. Villages are masonry or coursed adobe pueblos arrayedeither as a linear roomblock fronting east on a plaza or in a square surrounding a plaza. The size of thepueblos varies from 10 to more than 100 rooms. Corona Corrugated is the predominant utility ware atthese sites and Jornada Brown declines in importance. Chupadero Black-on-white, Lincoln Black-on-red,Three Rivers Red-on-terracotta, and El Paso Polychrome were the major painted wares.As a result of work by the Lea County Archaeological Society, Corley (1965) argued that extremesoutheastern New Mexico was occupied by groups closely related to the Jornada Mogollon. A sequenceof four phases was formulated for the Eastern Jornada area (Corley 1965; Leslie 1979), whichencompasses the southern portions of the Mescalero Plain and Llano Estacado. Components of theEastern Jornada have also been reported from the Andrews Lake site in Texas (Collins 1971) and “arerecognizable in excavation and survey reports at many other sites in the Texas part of the SouthernPlains” (Hughes 1989:27).As described by Leslie (1979), the Querecho Phase, (AD 950–1150) is marked by the initial occurrence ofceramics and corner-notched arrow points. Only nonstructural sites are known for the early part of thisphase, but small rectangular pit rooms and possible surface room floors have been found at a few lateQuerecho sites. The major ceramic types from this period are variants of Jornada Brown with someCebolleta and Mimbres black-on-white tradewares. Although Querecho sites are found throughout theEastern Jornada area, gathering sites of this period are more common in the shinnery-covered dunes thanthose of the later phases.A more sedentary lifeway is suggested by sites dating to the succeeding Maljamar Phase (AD 1150–1300). Maljamar phase sites include both gathering camps and pithouse villages, some containing 20–30small rectangular structures. Local variants of Jornada Brown continue as the dominant ceramic type,with some corrugated utility wares occurring near the end of the phase.Chupadero Black-on-white is the major decorated type, accompanied by small amounts of El PasoPolychrome and Three Rivers Red-on-terracotta. Corner-notched arrowpoint styles are replaced by sidenotchedforms after about AD 1200. At the end of this phase, Leslie argues that the Eastern Jornada areawas some dislocation of the regional population and that the Eastern Jornada are may have beentemporarily abandoned. The few sites or components dating to this transitional phase have yielded adistinctive ceramic assemblage containing Glaze A red and yellow types; Gila, Ramos, and El Pasopolychromes; and Lincoln Black-on-red.The latest Eastern Jornada phase, the Ochoa Phase, includes village sites with 15–30 surface roomsarrayed as units or small roomblocks, and large, shallow pithouses. The ceramic assemblage consistslargely of a single locally made type, Ochoa Indented, and some Chupadero Black-on-white.Arrowpoints are triangular forms with notched or indented bases, and small “thumb-nail” end-scrapersand four-edge beveled knives are common. This phase is tentatively dated between AD 1350 and 1450–1500.A local phase sequence was developed on the basis of survey and excavation data from the BrantleyReservoir Area near Carlsbad (Katz and Katz 1985). The sequence includes two ceramic period phases.The Globe Phase (AD 750–1150) is marked by the introduction of brownware ceramics (primarily El PasoBrown) and “true” arrowpoints, including variants of Scallorn and Livermore. The phase is furthercharacterized by a shift in settlement location from riverine to upland locations. Sites are temporary orseasonal camps with the same features found at earlier pre-ceramic sites – burned rock rings, fire-crackedrock concentrations/hearths, and fire-cracked rock scatters. A new feature type that probably appearsduring this phase are stone circles, which are tentatively identified as domestic structures. Two forms of4-13