PREFACE

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VI. Whole Vessels1. Vessel height2. Volume3. PhotographVII. Specialized Analyses (conducted on a select sample)A. PetrographicB. RefiringC. Apparent PorosityD. Residue Analysis (whole pots, large sherds recovered from protected location)References CitedBurns, Bruce1980 Ceramic Analysis. In Report on the Mitigation of Archaeological Sites in the Proposed HaystackMountain ORV Area, edited by Scott C. Schermer, pp. 97-134. ACA Llano Estacado Center forProfessional Studies and Research Eastern New Mexico University Portales, New Mexico.Jelinek, A. J.1967 A Prehistoric Sequence in the Middle Pecos Valley, New Mexico. University of Michigan,Museum of Anthropology, Anthropological Papers No. 31, Ann Arbor.Kelley, Jane Holden1984 The Archaeology of the Sierra Blanca Region of Southeastern New Mexico. AnthropologicalPapers No. 74, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Leslie, Robert H.1979 The Eastern Jornada Mogollon: Extreme Southeastern New Mexico (A Summary). In JornadaMogollon Archaeology: Proceedings of the First Jornada Conference, edited by Patrick H.Beckett and Regge N. Wiseman, pp. 179-199. New Mexico Historic Preservation Division.Santa Fe.Mera, H.P.1943 An Outline of Ceramic Developments in Southern and Southeastern New Mexico. TechnicalSeries, Bulletin No. 11, The Laboratory of Anthropology, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Wiseman, Regge N.1981 A Petrographic Study of the Pottery. Chapter 6 in Contributions to Gran Quivira Archeology:Gran Quivira National Monument, New Mexico, edited by Alden C. Hayes, pp. 67–73.Publications in Archeology 17, National Park Service, Washington, D.C.2002 Bob Crosby Draw and River Camp: Contemplating Prehistoric Social Boundaries inSoutheastern New Mexico. Archaeology Notes 235, Office of Archaeological Studies, Museum ofNew Mexico, Santa Fe.2003 The Prehistoric Pottery of Southeastern New Mexico (draft). Prepared for the Southeastern NewMexico Roundtable. Copy on file at the Office of Contract Archeology, University of NewMexico, Albuquerque.6-48
FAUNAL STUDIESFaunal remains, whether introduced into sites as food residues, pets, feather sources, implements and theirmanufacturing debris, ritual paraphernalia, curiosities, or as incidental co-inhabitants or postoccupationalresidents, are anticipated to be an important source of environmental, subsistence and behavioralinformation retrieved during the proposed excavations. The following pages present general researchissues and data needs, field methods, and analysis methods.General Research Issues and Data Needs(from Speth 2003)1. How can results of faunal analyses become most useful for other researchers?Data NeedsA. Detailed discussions of methods used to generate reported results and conclusionsB. Presentation of raw data so that researchers can recast the data in other formatsC. Refinements of accepted analytical protocols (e.g., numbers of faunal remains per volume ofsediment excavated/century of sediment accumulation)D. Invention and adoption of new analytical protocolsE. Re-examination of analyzed collections to generate additional data using modern analyticalprotocolsF. Explication and addressing of interpretive problems unique to faunal analysis2. How can analysis of the taxonomic composition of a faunal collection be refined to address questionsabout paleoenvironment?Data NeedsA. Common usage of more sophisticated theoretical constructs regarding assumed correlationsbetween prey abundance and hunter preferences• Determination of whether optimal foraging theory and diet breadth models give suitable analyticaltools to researchers in SE NM archaeology or if other constructs are needed to address unique hunterbehavior or preservation factors• Discussion of issues such as the seasonal availability of fat and palatability of elk fat as factorsaffecting prey choice regardless of prey abundance• Increasing the sophistication of prey species rankings presently based largely (solely?) on bodysize and return ratesB. Ratio of jackrabbits to cottontailsC. Trends in body size (combined with evidence from pollen, wood charcoal, etc.)D. Changes of the average rate of tooth wear in animals belonging to the same age class (where ageis assessed on the basis of stage of tooth eruption)3. How can analysis of the taxonomic composition of a faunal assemblage be refined to address questionsabout human diet and economy?6-49
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National Register criteria, and dat
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• What data sets are needed to ad
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Fields, may be downloaded from the
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Development of Southeastern New Mex
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Table of Contents ContinuedRadiocar
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List of Tables ContinuedTable 3.13T
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CHAPTER 2PHYSIOGRAPHY, GEOARCHAEOLO
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The Llano Estacado Section or South
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Table 2.1 Selected Geologic Referen
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Portales ValleyThe Portales Valley
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The thickness of surficial deposits
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Alluvial Flats. Denudation of bedro
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Table 2.3 Physiographic Regions and
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Table 2.4Expected Average Condition
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Site densities were calculated for
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Figure 2.6. Area surveyed in square
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15. Based on the strong direct rela
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REFERENCES CITEDAltschul, J. H., Se
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2005 Surficial Geologic Map of New
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PREVIOUS TYPOLOGIESA number of typo
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Expectation for quarry sites and to
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As shown in Table 3.2, artifact sca
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Table 3.3 Rank ordering of feature
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Figure 3.2features.Histogram showin
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Table 3.5Expanded Component Types (
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11. cave - a natural hollow or open
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Ring Midden - a general donut-shape
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Table 3.7Occurrences of Surface and
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Our next concern was therefore the
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SITETYPE/GEOARCH LANO SUBSISTENCE R
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SITETYPE/GEOARCH LANO EFFORT AREA E
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ecause we don’t know how many sit
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Table 3.10 Proportional Area, Surve
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Table 3.11 Distribution of Paleoind
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Figure 3.53-32
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Figure 3.63-34
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Figure 3.73-36
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Not surprisingly, the distribution
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Table 3.15 Distribution of Unknown
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Pielou, E. C.1969 An Introduction t
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Wiseman, Regge N.1996 Corn Camp and
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and projectile point chronologies c
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Folsom is also reasonably well date
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The Portales Complex is no longer v
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described by some authors in the lo
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Based on the available evidence, th
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CeramicIn contrast to the Archaic,
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this feature type were observed. On
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Except for Brantley Reservoir, all
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• Did agricultural groups eventua
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The two complexes are distinguished
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the Apaches. Based on their locatio
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PaleoindianFor the Paleoindian peri
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For Sebastian and Larralde, the que
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Bohrer’s interpretation of the Fr
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As Sebastian and Larralde recognize
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In the Brantley Reservoir area of t
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small game. Some rodents may also h
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partly dependent on agriculture aft
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with the procurement of some wild r
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The last question is fundamental to
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areas, and the simultaneous presenc
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• what subsistence resources othe
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The labor invested in the construct
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Once site types are defined, the se
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PaleoindianAs discussed previously,
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From the above discussion, then, th
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Acquisition of the horse would have
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In using modern environmental data
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Table 4.1 Priority General Question
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Chronology and Culture History Subs
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Table 4.3. General question posed u
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1983 In Pursuit of the Past. Thames
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Gamble, C. S. and W. A. Boismier (e
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1997 Analysis of Paleoindian Bonbed
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1999 Comments on the Prehistory of
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Shelley, Phillip H.1994 A Geoarchae
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2000 Crosby Draw and River Camp: Co
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NMCRIS data indicate that survey co
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Addressing the Research QuestionsTh
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Page 172 and 173: Based on the discussion of regional
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Page 180 and 181: h. Subfloor tests will be dug to de
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Page 184 and 185: Geophysical Remote SensingGeophysic
Page 186 and 187: 1987 Man the Hunted: Determinants o
Page 188 and 189: CHRONOLOGICAL SAMPLINGGeneral Guide
Page 190 and 191: a. Conversions of Radiocarbon Years
Page 192 and 193: f. Samples should not be exposed to
Page 194 and 195: LITHIC ARTIFACT ANALYSISThe goals o
Page 196 and 197: 24Manuport,tabular25 GroundstoneNon
Page 198 and 199: Use wear codes, terms and descripti
Page 200 and 201: B. Mano1. Type2. Material type3. Or
Page 202 and 203: References CitedAcklen, John C., Ma
Page 204 and 205: PROPOSED LITHIC MATERIAL CODE SHEET
Page 206 and 207: 108 light gray with profuse red (26
Page 208 and 209: CERAMIC ANALYSISThe goals of the ce
Page 210 and 211: Jornada Red TooledJornada Corrugate
Page 212 and 213: Santa Fe Black-on-whiteGalisteo Bla
Page 216 and 217: Data NeedsA. Usage of more sophisti
Page 218 and 219: 5. The determination to wash the fa
Page 220 and 221: ARCHEOBOTANICAL STUDIES(from Dean 2
Page 222 and 223: V. Sample Size and NumberA. A recom
Page 224 and 225: B. Data return is dependent upon pr
Page 226 and 227: Or submit the vessel for a pollen w
Page 228 and 229: # FlotationSamples Flotation Sample
Page 230: might include “quids”, sandals,
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PREFACE

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