PREFACE

2. single residence – a single residential structure or unit, commonly occurring with an artifactscatter and/or other facilities or features (NMCRIS 1993:4-25).3. multiple residence – two to fifteen residential structures or units, with an artifact scatter and/orother features.4. residential complex/community – more than fifteen residential structure or units; may also havepublic structures/areas such as plazas and/or kivas.The second, third, and fourth site types are primarily useful in distinguishing the permanent or semipermanentsettlements associated with the Ceramic period occupation of southeastern New Mexico, butthey are also applicable to hunter-gatherer sites with recognizable structures or shelters. In the latterinstances, it is hypothesized that the labor invested in the construction of structures reflects the intendedduration of the occupation; consequently, sites in these categories might represent seasonal camps orresidential basecamps.5. quarry/lithic procurement areas – locations where lithic raw materials are present that havebeen collected for use by prehistoric and/or protohistoric groups. Sources can be either outcropsor gravels. The artifact scatters associated with these sites are expected to evidence testing andinitial reduction of lithic raw materials and more intensive workshop areas may be present. Otherkinds of features may also be present but the lithic procurement activities have priority indefining this site type.6. possible structures – sites with features that may indicate the presence of some type of structureor shelter (e.g., depression, mound, wall, rock alignment). Some of these sites are expected to beresidences, others may be more ephemeral shelters associated with agricultural fields or withcamps.7. ring middens/burned rock middens – sites with features classified as ring middens, burned rockmiddens, or mescal pits that have no evidence of structures and that are not associated with lithicprocurement areas. Other features may be present, most commonly suggesting the presence of anassociated camp. Ring middens and burned rock middens are hypothesized to be specializedplant processing facilities.8. bedrock mortars/metates – sites with bedrock mortars and/or grinding slicks that have noevidence of structures, that have no ring middens or burned rock middens, and that are notassociated with lithic procurement areas. Other feature types may be present. Bedrockmortar/metates are hypothesized to be specialized plant processing facilities, but there is no goodevidence indicating what resources are being processed. Further, it is not clear whether theyoccur as isolated facilities or in association with residential camps.9. domestic features – sites with hearths, fire-cracked rock/burned caliche concentrations, roastingpits, and/or undefined thermal features that lack evidence of structures and that are not associatedwith lithic procurement areas or specialized facilities (i.e., ring midden/burned rock middens orbedrock mortar/metates). The features defining this site type are hypothesized to be generalizedfacilities associated with food processing and consumption. As such, domestic feature sites aremost likely residential camps.10. rockshelter – an overhang, indentation, or alcove formed naturally by rockfall or in the rock face,generally not of great depth, with evidence of human use (NMCRIS 1993:A7-6).3-13