PREFACE

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2. Large artifacts should be tagged, not written on. The artifact and tag should be placed in a box orthe tag should be tied on to the artifact with string. If tied on, tag should have reinforced holes toprevent it from tearing away during transport.3. If artifact is to be subjected to special treatment (i.e., pollen wash), write “do not wash” on bag ortag.4. If artifact(s) must be left in the field (i.e., bedrock mortar, ground stone), it should be mapped,drawn to scale, measured, photographed, and described.5. Minimum Label Requirementsa. Project nameb. Site numberc. Provenience1. F.S. number2. Horizontal unit designation (NGrid, EGrid)3. Vertical unit designation (arbitrary level or strat)d. Screen mesh sizee. Material contents (sherds, chipped stone, etc.)f. Excavator's name/initialsg. DateE. Field Provenience Catalog1. To assure computerized data base compatibility, all archaeological contractors should follow thefollowing procedures throughout the site and the project. If using their own system, contractors needto describe how it works and to define terms and concepts used.2. The following field proveniencing system that may be used to describe and record materials andobservations is flexible enough to incorporate the variety of archeological remains encountered andis standardized to allow for computerization and comparison. The system is based on the FieldSpecimen (FS), which refers to the minimum unit of provenience for description, illustration,sampling, or materials collection. Field Specimen (FS) varies from a point-provenienced item to athree-dimensional unit of volume. The artifacts from each minimal provenience unit (1 m square) arebagged and labeled with the necessary provenience information. Each bag is assigned a “fieldspecimen” (FS) unique to that unit. The numbers and provenience information are then logged ontothe FS Catalog form, which is later entered into the computer data base for the site once the artifactsare brought to the laboratory.ExcavationA. Complete (100%) excavation, Working Definition - The excavation of entire site areas to sterile soilor bedrock is generally considered to be impractical due to the amount of field time this wouldrequire and to the redundancy of information returned. Consequently, the following minimumstandards should be met.1. Complete excavations should be conducted on all structures, features, and artifact concentrations,which are identified by surface manifestation or exploratory methods.2. Excavations at structures and features should be expanded to adjacent areas to determinestratigraphic and cultural contexts. The minimum acceptable requirements are as follows:a. 10 x 10 m block over small (ca 4 sq. m in size or less) surface structuresb. Larger surface structures or any pitstructure, at least 10 m beyond perimeterc. 3 x 3 m block for small features or no less than 3m radius beyond the periphery of theidentified feature; not necessarily a block but any shape.d. Expansion of the excavation block to link features in order to define stratigraphy and locateactivity areas is recommended where feasible6-12
e. Exploratory units should be applied to a 30 x 30 m area surrounding/centered on surfacestructures. The 30 x 30 m block area is not necessarily subject to complete excavation butrepresents the area within which shovel tests and other exploratory methods are applied.The method chosen is largely dependent upon the thickness of overburden deposits. If theoverburden deposits are shallow (
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National Register criteria, and dat
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• What data sets are needed to ad
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Fields, may be downloaded from the
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Development of Southeastern New Mex
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Table of Contents ContinuedRadiocar
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List of Tables ContinuedTable 3.13T
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CHAPTER 2PHYSIOGRAPHY, GEOARCHAEOLO
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The Llano Estacado Section or South
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Table 2.1 Selected Geologic Referen
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Portales ValleyThe Portales Valley
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The thickness of surficial deposits
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Alluvial Flats. Denudation of bedro
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Table 2.3 Physiographic Regions and
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Table 2.4Expected Average Condition
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Site densities were calculated for
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Figure 2.6. Area surveyed in square
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15. Based on the strong direct rela
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REFERENCES CITEDAltschul, J. H., Se
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2005 Surficial Geologic Map of New
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PREVIOUS TYPOLOGIESA number of typo
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Expectation for quarry sites and to
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As shown in Table 3.2, artifact sca
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Table 3.3 Rank ordering of feature
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Figure 3.2features.Histogram showin
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Table 3.5Expanded Component Types (
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11. cave - a natural hollow or open
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Ring Midden - a general donut-shape
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Table 3.7Occurrences of Surface and
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Our next concern was therefore the
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SITETYPE/GEOARCH LANO SUBSISTENCE R
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SITETYPE/GEOARCH LANO EFFORT AREA E
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ecause we don’t know how many sit
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Table 3.10 Proportional Area, Surve
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Table 3.11 Distribution of Paleoind
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Figure 3.53-32
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Figure 3.63-34
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Figure 3.73-36
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Not surprisingly, the distribution
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Table 3.15 Distribution of Unknown
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Pielou, E. C.1969 An Introduction t
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Wiseman, Regge N.1996 Corn Camp and
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and projectile point chronologies c
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Folsom is also reasonably well date
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The Portales Complex is no longer v
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described by some authors in the lo
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Based on the available evidence, th
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CeramicIn contrast to the Archaic,
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this feature type were observed. On
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Except for Brantley Reservoir, all
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• Did agricultural groups eventua
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The two complexes are distinguished
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the Apaches. Based on their locatio
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PaleoindianFor the Paleoindian peri
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For Sebastian and Larralde, the que
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Bohrer’s interpretation of the Fr
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As Sebastian and Larralde recognize
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In the Brantley Reservoir area of t
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small game. Some rodents may also h
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partly dependent on agriculture aft
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with the procurement of some wild r
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The last question is fundamental to
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areas, and the simultaneous presenc
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Page 134 and 135: PaleoindianAs discussed previously,
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Page 140 and 141: In using modern environmental data
Page 142 and 143: Table 4.1 Priority General Question
Page 144 and 145: Chronology and Culture History Subs
Page 146 and 147: Table 4.3. General question posed u
Page 148 and 149: 1983 In Pursuit of the Past. Thames
Page 150 and 151: Gamble, C. S. and W. A. Boismier (e
Page 152 and 153: 1997 Analysis of Paleoindian Bonbed
Page 154 and 155: 1999 Comments on the Prehistory of
Page 156 and 157: Shelley, Phillip H.1994 A Geoarchae
Page 158 and 159: 2000 Crosby Draw and River Camp: Co
Page 160 and 161: NMCRIS data indicate that survey co
Page 162 and 163: Addressing the Research QuestionsTh
Page 164 and 165: There are two major shortcomings to
Page 166 and 167: Artifact assemblages need to be des
Page 168 and 169: As with the selection of sites, the
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Page 172 and 173: Based on the discussion of regional
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Page 180 and 181: h. Subfloor tests will be dug to de
Page 182 and 183: . 1 x 1 m grids and/or backhoe tren
Page 184 and 185: Geophysical Remote SensingGeophysic
Page 186 and 187: 1987 Man the Hunted: Determinants o
Page 188 and 189: CHRONOLOGICAL SAMPLINGGeneral Guide
Page 190 and 191: a. Conversions of Radiocarbon Years
Page 192 and 193: f. Samples should not be exposed to
Page 194 and 195: LITHIC ARTIFACT ANALYSISThe goals o
Page 196 and 197: 24Manuport,tabular25 GroundstoneNon
Page 198 and 199: Use wear codes, terms and descripti
Page 200 and 201: B. Mano1. Type2. Material type3. Or
Page 202 and 203: References CitedAcklen, John C., Ma
Page 204 and 205: PROPOSED LITHIC MATERIAL CODE SHEET
Page 206 and 207: 108 light gray with profuse red (26
Page 208 and 209: CERAMIC ANALYSISThe goals of the ce
Page 210 and 211: Jornada Red TooledJornada Corrugate
Page 212 and 213: Santa Fe Black-on-whiteGalisteo Bla
Page 214 and 215: VI. Whole Vessels1. Vessel height2.
Page 216 and 217: Data NeedsA. Usage of more sophisti
Page 218 and 219: 5. The determination to wash the fa
Page 220 and 221: ARCHEOBOTANICAL STUDIES(from Dean 2
Page 222 and 223: V. Sample Size and NumberA. A recom
Page 224 and 225: B. Data return is dependent upon pr
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# FlotationSamples Flotation Sample
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might include “quids”, sandals,
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PREFACE

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