Play-Persona: Modeling Player Behaviour in Computer Games

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generated content and flow maintenance, with respect to play-styles/difficulty, i.e. adaptation to the player behavior in real-time. 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to extend their gratitude to colleagues at IO Interactive, the Danish Design School and the Center for Computer Games Research, IT University of Copenhagen. 8. REFERENCES 1. Bateman, C. and Boon, R. 2007. 21st Century Game Design. Charles River Media 2005. 2. Cooper, A. 2007. About Face 3: The essentials of interaction design. Wiley Publishing Inc. 3. DeRosa, P. 2007. Tracking Player Feedback to Improve Game Design. Gamasutra, August 7, 2007. 4. Ducheneaut, N., Moore, R. J. and Nickell, E. 2004. Designing for sociability in massively multiplayer games: an examination of the “third places” of SWG. Proc. Other Players, Copenhagen, Denmark. 5. Dumas, J. S. 2003. User-Based Evaluations. In: The human-computer interaction handbook, 1093- 1117. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 6. Fry, B. 2008. Visualising Data. O´Reilly Media, Inc. 7. Gard, T. Building Character. Gamasutra, June 20, 2000. 8. Goetz, P. 2006. Too Many Clicks! Unit-Based Interfaces Considered Harmful. Gamasutra, August 23, 2006. 9. Isbister, K. Better Game Characters by Design: A Psychological Approach. Morgan Kaufman, 2006. 10. Kim, J. H., Gunn, D. V., Schuh, E., Phillips, B. C., Pagulayan, R. J. and Wixon, D. 2008. Tracking Real-Time User Experience (TRUE): A comprehensive instrumentation solution for complex systems. In Proc. CHI 2008, 443-451. 11. Klevjer, R. 2006. What is the Avatar?: Fiction and Embodiment in Avatar-Based Singleplayer Computer Games. PhD-dissertation, University of Bergen, Norway. 12. Lazzaro, N. 2004. Why we play games: Four keys to more emotion without story. XEO design. Online publication. URL: http://www.xeodesign.com. 13. Mandryk, R. L. and Inkpen, K. M. 2004. Physiological Indicators for the evaluation of co- located collaborative play. In Proceedings of CSCW 2004, 102-111. 144
14. Medlock, M.C., Wixon, D.; Terrano, M., Romero, R.L., Fulton, B. Using the RITE method to improve products: A definition and a case study. In Proc. UPA 2002. 15. Mellon, L. 2004. Metrics in MMP Development and Operations. Presentation at the Game Dev. Conference 2004. 16. Meretzky, S. 2001. Building Character: An Analysis of Character Creation. Gamasutra, November 2001. 17. Pagulayan, R. J., Keeker, K., Wixon, D., Romero, R. L. and Fuller, T. 2003. User-centered design in games. In The human-computer interaction handbook, 883-906. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 18. Renault, K.; Gray, P. 2004. Making sense of low-level usage data to understand user activities. In Proc. SAICSIT, 115-134. 19. Schultz, C. P. 2005. Game Testing All in One. Course Technology PTR. 20. Swain, C. 2008. Master Metrics: The Science Behind the Art of Game Design. Presentation at NLGD 2008. 21. Thompson, C. 2007. Halo 3: How Microsoft Labs Invented a New Science of Play. Wired Magazine, 15(9). 22. Tychsen, A. 2008. Innovations in Character: Personalizing RPGs, Retaining Players. Gamasutra, June 26, 2008. 145
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Play-Persona: Modeling Player Behav
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4.2.3 PLAYER EXPRESSION 53 4.3 PEIR
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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ABSTRACT This thesis proposes a fra
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Analysis seeks to break down comple
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Considering games as acts of commun
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ensemble - the syntagm. Selection r
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described in terms of likelihood of
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ook: FLUX, published in 2008. This
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2. A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR MODE
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“positivism” and “anti-positi
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with the game world based solely on
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on that text. Later, Barthes introd
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according to their mental state. Wh
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Following the humanistic tradition
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In most games it is not realistic t
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ehaviour. Assessing assumptions on
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Independently on the identity of ea
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main focus of the brand has always
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3.4 Play-persona as a lens (a poste
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Figure 10: personality and subperso
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4. CREATING EXPERIENCES The MDA fra
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Play-styles are sets of isotopic ga
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4.2.3 Player expression Player expr
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Players will eventually understand
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Combining both of these two approac
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REFERENCES 1. Aarseth, E. (1997): C
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52. Hunicke, R. LeBlanc, M. & Zubek
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96. Wiggins, A. (2006): Data Driven
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ARTICLE 1 - TOWARDS A THEORY OF THE
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flow between the player, the avatar
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6. The player constructs knowledge
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are sets of rational, bodily, and b
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ehaviorism asserting that a compreh
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4.3 Origin of subpersonalities Acco
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environment and the emanating subpe
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flow line), one must increase the c
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7.1 Explorer’s path FIGURE 5 Expl
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the roof section, where he/she will
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14. DE SOUSA, R. 2003. Emotions. In
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ARTICLE 2 - DESIGNING LEVELS FOR EN
Page 93 and 94: 2 STRUCTURE OF A GAME LEVEL The fir
Page 95 and 96: 3.2 Symbolical Reading The movement
Page 97 and 98: The hangar is open for workers and
Page 99 and 100: gather info, spying through keyhole
Page 101 and 102: 6.2 Play-Personas I am going to def
Page 103 and 104: The Butcher persona would have quit
Page 105 and 106: ARTICLE 3 - WAVING EXPERIENCES: PLA
Page 107 and 108: types" [12]. Personas are construct
Page 109 and 110: esults in the relatively easy task
Page 111 and 112: Crew actions schemas are: • Squad
Page 113 and 114: choice given until the mark “poli
Page 115 and 116: REFERENCES 1. Bozec, P. "My Everyth
Page 117 and 118: ARTICLE 4 - WEAVING EXPERIENCES IN
Page 119 and 120: In order to be able to take acti
Page 121 and 122: persona could be narratively define
Page 123 and 124: of non lethal, silent, and clean de
Page 125 and 126: ARTICLE 5 - DEFINING PERSONAS IN GA
Page 127 and 128: software is however limited in that
Page 129 and 130: event sets, i.e. capturing metrical
Page 131 and 132: objects and entities within it. Eve
Page 133 and 134: metrics include tracking camera vie
Page 135 and 136: Figure 4: Example of interaction me
Page 137 and 138: looting is a play-style observed in
Page 139 and 140: players can choose between differen
Page 141 and 142: Play modes: Running, climbing, fall
Page 143: according to their positioning on a
Page 147 and 148: ARTICLE 6 - PLAY-PERSONAS: BEHAVIOU
Page 149 and 150: experiences are evaluated and remem
Page 151 and 152: B) It is possible to infer user nee
Page 153 and 154: personas are hypotheses that emerge
Page 155 and 156: Expert Rookie Grunt Athlete Chess-
Page 157 and 158: Procedural description: Shooting: -
Page 159 and 160: In the case example for Tomb Raider
Page 161 and 162: 2. Cooper, A.: The Inmates Are Runn
Page 163 and 164: ARTICLE 7 - TOWARDS GAMEPLAY ANALYS
Page 165 and 166: The requirement for improving user-
Page 167 and 168: The literature on game metrics is m
Page 169 and 170: ecause they all stem from in-house
Page 171 and 172: If a player kills a traitor they re
Page 173 and 174: Figure 3 (Top): diagram showing the
Page 175 and 176: titles where there is a trend towar
Page 177 and 178: a secondary variable together with
Page 179 and 180: player spent at the location and wh
Page 181 and 182: 3. Börner, K., Penumarthy, S.: Soc
Page 183 and 184: 34. Thompson, C.: Halo 3: How Micro
Page 185 and 186: ARTICLE 8 - ANALYZING SPATIAL USER
Page 187 and 188: on basic statistical analysis metho
Page 189 and 190: visualization or for creating overv
Page 191 and 192: egarding actions undertaken in-game
Page 193 and 194: ased methods within the games area
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2.4 The EIDOS Metrics Suite The dat
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is played in Third-Person perspecti
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one cause of death, and performing
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ArcGIS permits different layers to
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4. Cadez, I., Heckerman, D., Meek,
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35. Whiteside, J., Archer, N. P., W
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ARTICLE 9 - PLAYER MODELING USING S
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unsupervised learning in capturing
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3. TOMB RAIDER: UNDERWORLD The popu
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2 - Environment; the percent of tot
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(ESOM) [5] to emphasize the distinc
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populated middle-left cluster (Fig.
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weight values we repeat the trainin
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TABLE I THE FOUR PLAYING BEHAVIOR C
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(d) Number of Deaths, D (e) Complet
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equests for specific in-game puzzle
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13. G. N. Yannakakis and M. Maragou
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ARTICLE 10 - PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL
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Personality is described as recogni
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Inputs: Outputs: Primary attack (ra
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Due to the fact that each game metr
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12. Jennett, C., Cox, A.L., Cairns,
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ARTICLE 11 - GAME METRICS AND BIOME
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His research interests are biometri
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5. R. L. Hazlett. Measuring emotion
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ARTICLE 12 - ANALYZING USER BEHAVIO
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elated to player-game interaction a
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10. Kuniavsky, M.: Observing the Us
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ARTICLE 13 - PATTERNS OF PLAY: PLAY
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Play-personas are here introduced a
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It is only natural that game design
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4 Defining play-personas using game
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TRU is the eighth installment in th
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gameplay, descriptiveness of player
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In the case of TRU, the three param
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into which sections of the levels t
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Runners: This group completes the g
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17. Iser, W.: The Implied Reader. J
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