Play-Persona: Modeling Player Behaviour in Computer Games

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ARTICLE 13 – PATTERNS OF PLAY: PLAY-PERSONAS IN USER-CENTRED GAME DEVELOPMENT Alessandro Canossa & Anders Drachen full paper presentation at DIGRA 2009 ABSTRACT In recent years certain trends from User-Centered design have been seeping into the practice of designing computer games. The balance of power between game designers and players is being renegotiated in order to find a more active role for players; there is in fact more and more evidence suggesting that players need to have some form of control in shaping the experiences that games are meant to evoke. A growing player agency can turn both into an increased sense of player immersion and potentially improve the chances of critical acclaim. This paper presents a possible solution to the challenge of involving the user in the design of interactive entertainment by adopting and adapting the "persona" framework introduced by Cooper in the field of Human Computer Interaction. The original method is improved by complementing the traditional ethnographic descriptions of personas with parametric, quantitative, data-oriented models of predicted patterns of user behaviour for computer games. These models will then be evaluated using data generated by players engaged with the game. Keywords: Play persona, game experience, game design, user centered design, user experience design, gameplay metrics, game mechanics. 1 Introduction: “Open” and “closed” games The practice of designing computer games today cannot refrain from including player-driven issues, considering how standards such as the ones set by Web 2.0 geared players’ expectations towards a higher degree of agency. In many of the critically acclaimed games today, it is possible to detect a trend in transferring at least part of the authorship to the players thereby increasing their agency. User-generated content is one of the manifestations of this trend. In a scenario where people are growing used to expect a high level of customization and personalization from entertainment products, players react favourably towards being put in charge of the content, to a smaller or 251
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Play-Persona: Modeling Player Behav
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4.2.3 PLAYER EXPRESSION 53 4.3 PEIR
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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ABSTRACT This thesis proposes a fra
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Analysis seeks to break down comple
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Considering games as acts of commun
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ensemble - the syntagm. Selection r
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described in terms of likelihood of
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ook: FLUX, published in 2008. This
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2. A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR MODE
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“positivism” and “anti-positi
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with the game world based solely on
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on that text. Later, Barthes introd
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according to their mental state. Wh
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Following the humanistic tradition
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In most games it is not realistic t
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ehaviour. Assessing assumptions on
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Independently on the identity of ea
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main focus of the brand has always
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3.4 Play-persona as a lens (a poste
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Figure 10: personality and subperso
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4. CREATING EXPERIENCES The MDA fra
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Play-styles are sets of isotopic ga
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4.2.3 Player expression Player expr
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Players will eventually understand
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Combining both of these two approac
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REFERENCES 1. Aarseth, E. (1997): C
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52. Hunicke, R. LeBlanc, M. & Zubek
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96. Wiggins, A. (2006): Data Driven
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ARTICLE 1 - TOWARDS A THEORY OF THE
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flow between the player, the avatar
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6. The player constructs knowledge
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are sets of rational, bodily, and b
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ehaviorism asserting that a compreh
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4.3 Origin of subpersonalities Acco
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environment and the emanating subpe
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flow line), one must increase the c
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7.1 Explorer’s path FIGURE 5 Expl
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the roof section, where he/she will
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14. DE SOUSA, R. 2003. Emotions. In
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ARTICLE 2 - DESIGNING LEVELS FOR EN
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2 STRUCTURE OF A GAME LEVEL The fir
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3.2 Symbolical Reading The movement
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The hangar is open for workers and
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gather info, spying through keyhole
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6.2 Play-Personas I am going to def
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The Butcher persona would have quit
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ARTICLE 3 - WAVING EXPERIENCES: PLA
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types" [12]. Personas are construct
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esults in the relatively easy task
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Crew actions schemas are: • Squad
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choice given until the mark “poli
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REFERENCES 1. Bozec, P. "My Everyth
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ARTICLE 4 - WEAVING EXPERIENCES IN
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In order to be able to take acti
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persona could be narratively define
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of non lethal, silent, and clean de
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ARTICLE 5 - DEFINING PERSONAS IN GA
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software is however limited in that
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event sets, i.e. capturing metrical
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objects and entities within it. Eve
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metrics include tracking camera vie
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Figure 4: Example of interaction me
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looting is a play-style observed in
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players can choose between differen
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Play modes: Running, climbing, fall
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according to their positioning on a
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14. Medlock, M.C., Wixon, D.; Terra
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ARTICLE 6 - PLAY-PERSONAS: BEHAVIOU
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experiences are evaluated and remem
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B) It is possible to infer user nee
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personas are hypotheses that emerge
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Expert Rookie Grunt Athlete Chess-
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Procedural description: Shooting: -
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In the case example for Tomb Raider
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2. Cooper, A.: The Inmates Are Runn
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ARTICLE 7 - TOWARDS GAMEPLAY ANALYS
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The requirement for improving user-
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The literature on game metrics is m
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ecause they all stem from in-house
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If a player kills a traitor they re
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Figure 3 (Top): diagram showing the
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titles where there is a trend towar
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a secondary variable together with
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player spent at the location and wh
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3. Börner, K., Penumarthy, S.: Soc
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34. Thompson, C.: Halo 3: How Micro
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ARTICLE 8 - ANALYZING SPATIAL USER
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on basic statistical analysis metho
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visualization or for creating overv
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egarding actions undertaken in-game
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ased methods within the games area
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2.4 The EIDOS Metrics Suite The dat
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is played in Third-Person perspecti
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Page 203 and 204: 4. Cadez, I., Heckerman, D., Meek,
Page 205 and 206: 35. Whiteside, J., Archer, N. P., W
Page 207 and 208: ARTICLE 9 - PLAYER MODELING USING S
Page 209 and 210: unsupervised learning in capturing
Page 211 and 212: 3. TOMB RAIDER: UNDERWORLD The popu
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Page 215 and 216: (ESOM) [5] to emphasize the distinc
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Page 219 and 220: weight values we repeat the trainin
Page 221 and 222: TABLE I THE FOUR PLAYING BEHAVIOR C
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Page 227 and 228: 13. G. N. Yannakakis and M. Maragou
Page 229 and 230: ARTICLE 10 - PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL
Page 231 and 232: Personality is described as recogni
Page 233 and 234: Inputs: Outputs: Primary attack (ra
Page 235 and 236: Due to the fact that each game metr
Page 237 and 238: 12. Jennett, C., Cox, A.L., Cairns,
Page 239 and 240: ARTICLE 11 - GAME METRICS AND BIOME
Page 241 and 242: His research interests are biometri
Page 243 and 244: 5. R. L. Hazlett. Measuring emotion
Page 245 and 246: ARTICLE 12 - ANALYZING USER BEHAVIO
Page 247 and 248: elated to player-game interaction a
Page 249: 10. Kuniavsky, M.: Observing the Us
Page 253 and 254: Play-personas are here introduced a
Page 255 and 256: It is only natural that game design
Page 257 and 258: 4 Defining play-personas using game
Page 259 and 260: TRU is the eighth installment in th
Page 261 and 262: gameplay, descriptiveness of player
Page 263 and 264: In the case of TRU, the three param
Page 265 and 266: into which sections of the levels t
Page 267 and 268: Runners: This group completes the g
Page 269 and 270: 17. Iser, W.: The Implied Reader. J
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