Play-Persona: Modeling Player Behaviour in Computer Games

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preliminary hypothesis of in-game behaviour and by categorizing and analyzing character-bound gameplay metrics variables. In this paper a case study has been presented that shows how play- personas allow designers to aggregates data in a way that binds ludic and narrative aspects of the game. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to extend their warmest gratitude to colleagues at IO Interactive, Crystal Dynamics, the Danish Design School and the IT University of Copenhagen. Special thanks to the EIDOS Online Development team. References 1. Bennett, A.: Personas: Practice and Theory, in Design Studies: Theory and Research in Graphic Design, Princeton Architectural Press (2006) 2. Blomquist, Å., Arvola, M.: Personas in Action: Ethnography in an Interaction Design Team, in Proceedings of NordiCHI 2002: Tradition and Transcendence. 3. Börner, K., Penumarthy, S.: Social Diffusion Patterns in Three-Dimensional Virtual Worlds. Information Visualization, 2 (2003), 182-198 4. Calleja, G. “Digital Games as Designed Experience: Reframing the Concept of Immersion”, PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington (2007) 5. Canossa, A.: Psychology of Personality and Play Personas: Designing for Experience, in Proceedings of Under the Mask, (2009), as found on: http://underthemask.wikidot.com/papers-2009 6. Canossa, A., Drachen, A.: Play-Personas: Behaviours and Belief systems in User-Centred Game Design, in Proceedings of INTERACT (2009) 7. Chittaro, L. & Ieronutti, L.: A visual tool for tracing users´ behavior in virtual environments. In Proc. Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (2004), 40-47 8. Chittaro L., Ranon R., Ieronutti L.: VU-Flow: A Visualization Tool for Analyzing Navigation in Virtual Environments. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12,6 (2006), 1475-1485 9. Cooper, A.: The Inmates Are Running the Asylum, SAMS Publishing, Indianapolis (2004) 10. Cooper, A., Reimann, R., Cronin, D.: About Face 3: The Essentials of Interaction Design, Wiley Publishing, Indianapolis (2007) 11. DeRosa, P.: Tracking Player Feedback to Improve Game Design. Gamasutra, Aug. 7 (2007) 12. Drachen, A., Canossa, A. & Yannakakis, G.: Player Modeling using Self-organization in Tomb Raider: Underworld, in Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, Milan, Italy (2009) 13. Eco, U.: The Role of the Reader. Indiana university press, Bloomington (1984) 14. Giddens, A.: The Constitution of Society, Polity Press, Cambridge (1984), p.9 15. Goffman, E.: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Penguin, London (1990) 16. Isbister, K., Schaffer, N.: Game Usability: Advancing the Player Experience. Morgan Kaufman (2008) 268
17. Iser, W.: The Implied Reader. Johns Hopkins Paperback Editions, London (1978) 18. Kim, J. H., Gunn, D. V., Schuh, E., Phillips, B. C., Pagulayan, R. J., Wixon, D.: Tracking Real-Time User Experience (TRUE): A comprehensive instrumentation solution for complex systems. In: Proceedings of CHI, pp. 443-451 (2008). 19. Kuniavsky, M.: Observing the User Experience: A Practitioner´s Guide to User Research. Morgan Kaufman (2003). 20. Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M.: Metaphors We Live By, University of Chicago press, (1980) 21. Lakoff, G.: Women, Fire and Other Dangerous Things, University of Chicago press, (1987) 22. Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M.: Philosophy in the Flesh, Basic Books, (1999) 23. Lazzaro, N.: Why We Play Games: Four Keys to More Emotion Without Story (2004). URL: http://www.xeodesign.com/xeodesign_whyweplaygames.pdf 24. Lindley, Craig, Narrative, Game Play, and AlternativeTime Structures for Virtual Environments, Springer, (2004) 25. Mellon, L.: Metrics in MMP Development and Operations. Presentation at the GDC, Los Angeles, USA (2004) 26. Pagulayan, R. J., Keeker, K., Wixon, D., Romero, R. L., Fuller, T.: User-centered design in games. In: The human-computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies and emerging applications, 883-906. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Philadelphia (2003) 27. Ramachandran, V. S., Blakeslee, S., Sacks, O.: Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind, Harper Perennial (1999), p. 106 28. Reale, G.: Introduzione a Aristotele, Laterza Editori (1974) 29. Rouse, R.: Game Design: Theory and Practice, Jones and Bartlett Publishers (2004) 30. Shils, E. A. & Finch, E. A.: The methodology of the social sciences. Free Press, Glencoe (1997) 31. Swain, C.: Master Metrics: The Science Behind the Art of Game Design. Presentation at NLGD Conference, Utrecht, Holland (2008) 32. Trappl, R., Petta, P.: Creating Personalities for Synthetic Actors: Towards Autonomous Personality Agents. Springer Publishers, Berlin (1997) 33. Tychsen, A., Canossa, A.: Defining Personas in Games Using Metrics. In: Proceedings of Future Play 2008, pp. 73-80 (2008) 34. Warfel, T.: Data-Driven Design Research Personas, tutorial presented at UPA2007 and IA Summit 2008, as found on: http://www.slideshare.net/toddwarfel/data-driven-personas-summit-08 35. Wiggins, A.: Building a Data-Backed Persona, as found on: http://www.boxesandarrows.com/view/building-a-data 36. Wiggins, A.: Data Driven Design: Leveraging Analytics to Improve your Website Overhaul, Enlighten whitepapers, (2006). as found on: http://www.enlighten.com/pdfs/wp_analytics_08_06.pdf 37. Wiggins, A.: Metrics for Heuristics: Quantifying User Experience, as found on: http://www.boxesandarrows.com/view/metrics_for_heu 38. Williams, D.; Yee, N., Caplan, S. E.: Who plays, how much, and why? Debunking the stereotypical gamer profile. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13 (2008), 993-1018 39. Wolpert, L.: Six impossible things before breakfast: the evolutionary origins of belief, W. W. Norton, (2007) 269
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Play-Persona: Modeling Player Behav
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4.2.3 PLAYER EXPRESSION 53 4.3 PEIR
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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ABSTRACT This thesis proposes a fra
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Analysis seeks to break down comple
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Considering games as acts of commun
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ensemble - the syntagm. Selection r
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described in terms of likelihood of
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ook: FLUX, published in 2008. This
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2. A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR MODE
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“positivism” and “anti-positi
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with the game world based solely on
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on that text. Later, Barthes introd
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according to their mental state. Wh
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Following the humanistic tradition
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In most games it is not realistic t
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ehaviour. Assessing assumptions on
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Independently on the identity of ea
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main focus of the brand has always
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3.4 Play-persona as a lens (a poste
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Figure 10: personality and subperso
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4. CREATING EXPERIENCES The MDA fra
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Play-styles are sets of isotopic ga
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4.2.3 Player expression Player expr
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Players will eventually understand
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Combining both of these two approac
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REFERENCES 1. Aarseth, E. (1997): C
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52. Hunicke, R. LeBlanc, M. & Zubek
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96. Wiggins, A. (2006): Data Driven
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ARTICLE 1 - TOWARDS A THEORY OF THE
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flow between the player, the avatar
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6. The player constructs knowledge
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are sets of rational, bodily, and b
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ehaviorism asserting that a compreh
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4.3 Origin of subpersonalities Acco
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environment and the emanating subpe
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flow line), one must increase the c
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7.1 Explorer’s path FIGURE 5 Expl
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the roof section, where he/she will
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14. DE SOUSA, R. 2003. Emotions. In
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ARTICLE 2 - DESIGNING LEVELS FOR EN
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2 STRUCTURE OF A GAME LEVEL The fir
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3.2 Symbolical Reading The movement
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The hangar is open for workers and
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gather info, spying through keyhole
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6.2 Play-Personas I am going to def
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The Butcher persona would have quit
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ARTICLE 3 - WAVING EXPERIENCES: PLA
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types" [12]. Personas are construct
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esults in the relatively easy task
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Crew actions schemas are: • Squad
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choice given until the mark “poli
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REFERENCES 1. Bozec, P. "My Everyth
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ARTICLE 4 - WEAVING EXPERIENCES IN
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In order to be able to take acti
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persona could be narratively define
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of non lethal, silent, and clean de
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ARTICLE 5 - DEFINING PERSONAS IN GA
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software is however limited in that
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event sets, i.e. capturing metrical
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objects and entities within it. Eve
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metrics include tracking camera vie
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Figure 4: Example of interaction me
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looting is a play-style observed in
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players can choose between differen
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Play modes: Running, climbing, fall
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according to their positioning on a
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14. Medlock, M.C., Wixon, D.; Terra
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ARTICLE 6 - PLAY-PERSONAS: BEHAVIOU
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experiences are evaluated and remem
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B) It is possible to infer user nee
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personas are hypotheses that emerge
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Expert Rookie Grunt Athlete Chess-
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Procedural description: Shooting: -
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In the case example for Tomb Raider
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2. Cooper, A.: The Inmates Are Runn
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ARTICLE 7 - TOWARDS GAMEPLAY ANALYS
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The requirement for improving user-
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The literature on game metrics is m
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ecause they all stem from in-house
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If a player kills a traitor they re
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Figure 3 (Top): diagram showing the
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titles where there is a trend towar
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a secondary variable together with
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player spent at the location and wh
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3. Börner, K., Penumarthy, S.: Soc
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34. Thompson, C.: Halo 3: How Micro
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ARTICLE 8 - ANALYZING SPATIAL USER
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on basic statistical analysis metho
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visualization or for creating overv
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egarding actions undertaken in-game
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ased methods within the games area
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2.4 The EIDOS Metrics Suite The dat
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is played in Third-Person perspecti
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one cause of death, and performing
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ArcGIS permits different layers to
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4. Cadez, I., Heckerman, D., Meek,
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35. Whiteside, J., Archer, N. P., W
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ARTICLE 9 - PLAYER MODELING USING S
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unsupervised learning in capturing
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3. TOMB RAIDER: UNDERWORLD The popu
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2 - Environment; the percent of tot
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(ESOM) [5] to emphasize the distinc
Page 217 and 218: populated middle-left cluster (Fig.
Page 219 and 220: weight values we repeat the trainin
Page 221 and 222: TABLE I THE FOUR PLAYING BEHAVIOR C
Page 223 and 224: (d) Number of Deaths, D (e) Complet
Page 225 and 226: equests for specific in-game puzzle
Page 227 and 228: 13. G. N. Yannakakis and M. Maragou
Page 229 and 230: ARTICLE 10 - PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL
Page 231 and 232: Personality is described as recogni
Page 233 and 234: Inputs: Outputs: Primary attack (ra
Page 235 and 236: Due to the fact that each game metr
Page 237 and 238: 12. Jennett, C., Cox, A.L., Cairns,
Page 239 and 240: ARTICLE 11 - GAME METRICS AND BIOME
Page 241 and 242: His research interests are biometri
Page 243 and 244: 5. R. L. Hazlett. Measuring emotion
Page 245 and 246: ARTICLE 12 - ANALYZING USER BEHAVIO
Page 247 and 248: elated to player-game interaction a
Page 249 and 250: 10. Kuniavsky, M.: Observing the Us
Page 251 and 252: ARTICLE 13 - PATTERNS OF PLAY: PLAY
Page 253 and 254: Play-personas are here introduced a
Page 255 and 256: It is only natural that game design
Page 257 and 258: 4 Defining play-personas using game
Page 259 and 260: TRU is the eighth installment in th
Page 261 and 262: gameplay, descriptiveness of player
Page 263 and 264: In the case of TRU, the three param
Page 265 and 266: into which sections of the levels t
Page 267: Runners: This group completes the g
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