Play-Persona: Modeling Player Behaviour in Computer Games

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ook: FLUX, published in 2008. This article is the first formalization of an idea that had been growing for the previous year during my collaboration with IO Interactive: models of players’ behaviour, play personas, could be expressed procedurally, in numbers, and gathered by records and logs of play time (game metrics). 5- Defining personas in games using metrics. This paper was presented at Futureplay 2008 (peer reviewed) and is a much more complete and formal version of the ideas presented in the previous article. A framework for modeling players’ behaviour based on game metrics is presented, but the method is only shown without presenting an actual case study based on concrete examples, in fact the game used as example does not have the capability to gather metrics data from players. 6- Play-personas: behaviours and belief system in user centered game design. This paper, presented at INTERACT 2009 (peer reviewed), presents a complete formulation of the play- persona framework and for the first time is accompanied by a concrete case study where play personas have been built both “a priory”, starting from the affordances offered by the game, and “a posteriori” based on the data generated by players using the game “Tomb Raider Underworld”. 7- Towards gameplay analysis via gameplay metrics. This article was presented at Mindtrek 2009 (peer reviewed) and it stems from corollary analyses of gameplay data. Two case studies are presented with parallel approaches to analyze level design: location, role at death and cause of death for the multiplayer game “Fragile Alliance”; and deviation from an ideal, perfect path for the single player game “Kane & Lynch”. 8- Analyzing spatial user behaviour in computer games using geographic information systems. The article, presented at Mindtrek 2009 (peer reviewed), attempts a complex multivariate analysis to investigate the pattern of deaths using geographic information systems based on data gathered from users playing the game “Tomb Raider Underworld”. The result is that such an analysis can potentially lead to precious recommendations for level designers. 9- Player modeling using self-organization in Tomb Raider: Underworld. This article, presented at the IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games 2009 (peer reviewed), attempts to utilize emergent self-organizing maps (a type of neural network) to identify clusters of players behaving similarly in the game “Tomb Raider: Underworld”. 20
10- Psychology of personality and play personas: designing for experience. This article, presented at the conference Under the Mask 2009 (peer reviewed), derives principles for drafting play personas from the Five Factor Model, accepted standard in personality theory, and presents a new case study: “Left4Dead”. 11- Game metrics and biometrics: the future of player experience research. This extended abstract refers to a panel presented at Futureplay / GDC Canada 2009 (peer reviewed) where different methods for researching player experience are evaluated. 12- Analyzing user behaviour via gameplay metrics. This extended abstract refers to a full lecture presented at Futureplay / GDC Canada 2009 (peer reviewed) showing how gameplay metrics can be used to model and reproduce user experience. 13- Patterns of play: play-personas in user-centered game development. Article presented at DIGRA 2009 (peer reviewed). It represents a synthesis of the approaches and methods elaborated in the course of the whole PhD project, utilizing “Tomb Raider: Underworld” as a case study. 21
Page 1: Play-Persona: Modeling Player Behav
Page 4 and 5: 4.2.3 PLAYER EXPRESSION 53 4.3 PEIR
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 9: ABSTRACT This thesis proposes a fra
Page 12 and 13: Analysis seeks to break down comple
Page 14 and 15: Considering games as acts of commun
Page 16 and 17: ensemble - the syntagm. Selection r
Page 18 and 19: described in terms of likelihood of
Page 23 and 24: 2. A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR MODE
Page 25 and 26: “positivism” and “anti-positi
Page 27 and 28: with the game world based solely on
Page 29 and 30: on that text. Later, Barthes introd
Page 31 and 32: according to their mental state. Wh
Page 33: Following the humanistic tradition
Page 36 and 37: In most games it is not realistic t
Page 38 and 39: ehaviour. Assessing assumptions on
Page 40 and 41: Independently on the identity of ea
Page 42 and 43: main focus of the brand has always
Page 44 and 45: 3.4 Play-persona as a lens (a poste
Page 46 and 47: Figure 10: personality and subperso
Page 49 and 50: 4. CREATING EXPERIENCES The MDA fra
Page 51 and 52: Play-styles are sets of isotopic ga
Page 53 and 54: 4.2.3 Player expression Player expr
Page 55: Players will eventually understand
Page 58 and 59: Combining both of these two approac
Page 61 and 62: REFERENCES 1. Aarseth, E. (1997): C
Page 63 and 64: 52. Hunicke, R. LeBlanc, M. & Zubek
Page 65: 96. Wiggins, A. (2006): Data Driven
Page 69 and 70: ARTICLE 1 - TOWARDS A THEORY OF THE
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flow between the player, the avatar
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6. The player constructs knowledge
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are sets of rational, bodily, and b
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ehaviorism asserting that a compreh
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4.3 Origin of subpersonalities Acco
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environment and the emanating subpe
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flow line), one must increase the c
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7.1 Explorer’s path FIGURE 5 Expl
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the roof section, where he/she will
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14. DE SOUSA, R. 2003. Emotions. In
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ARTICLE 2 - DESIGNING LEVELS FOR EN
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2 STRUCTURE OF A GAME LEVEL The fir
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3.2 Symbolical Reading The movement
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The hangar is open for workers and
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gather info, spying through keyhole
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6.2 Play-Personas I am going to def
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The Butcher persona would have quit
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ARTICLE 3 - WAVING EXPERIENCES: PLA
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types" [12]. Personas are construct
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esults in the relatively easy task
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Crew actions schemas are: • Squad
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choice given until the mark “poli
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REFERENCES 1. Bozec, P. "My Everyth
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ARTICLE 4 - WEAVING EXPERIENCES IN
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In order to be able to take acti
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persona could be narratively define
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of non lethal, silent, and clean de
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ARTICLE 5 - DEFINING PERSONAS IN GA
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software is however limited in that
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event sets, i.e. capturing metrical
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objects and entities within it. Eve
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metrics include tracking camera vie
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Figure 4: Example of interaction me
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looting is a play-style observed in
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players can choose between differen
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Play modes: Running, climbing, fall
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according to their positioning on a
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14. Medlock, M.C., Wixon, D.; Terra
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ARTICLE 6 - PLAY-PERSONAS: BEHAVIOU
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experiences are evaluated and remem
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B) It is possible to infer user nee
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personas are hypotheses that emerge
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Expert Rookie Grunt Athlete Chess-
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Procedural description: Shooting: -
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In the case example for Tomb Raider
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2. Cooper, A.: The Inmates Are Runn
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ARTICLE 7 - TOWARDS GAMEPLAY ANALYS
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The requirement for improving user-
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The literature on game metrics is m
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ecause they all stem from in-house
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If a player kills a traitor they re
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Figure 3 (Top): diagram showing the
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titles where there is a trend towar
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a secondary variable together with
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player spent at the location and wh
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3. Börner, K., Penumarthy, S.: Soc
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34. Thompson, C.: Halo 3: How Micro
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ARTICLE 8 - ANALYZING SPATIAL USER
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on basic statistical analysis metho
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visualization or for creating overv
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egarding actions undertaken in-game
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ased methods within the games area
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2.4 The EIDOS Metrics Suite The dat
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is played in Third-Person perspecti
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one cause of death, and performing
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ArcGIS permits different layers to
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4. Cadez, I., Heckerman, D., Meek,
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35. Whiteside, J., Archer, N. P., W
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ARTICLE 9 - PLAYER MODELING USING S
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unsupervised learning in capturing
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3. TOMB RAIDER: UNDERWORLD The popu
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2 - Environment; the percent of tot
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(ESOM) [5] to emphasize the distinc
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populated middle-left cluster (Fig.
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weight values we repeat the trainin
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TABLE I THE FOUR PLAYING BEHAVIOR C
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(d) Number of Deaths, D (e) Complet
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equests for specific in-game puzzle
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13. G. N. Yannakakis and M. Maragou
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ARTICLE 10 - PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL
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Personality is described as recogni
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Inputs: Outputs: Primary attack (ra
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Due to the fact that each game metr
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12. Jennett, C., Cox, A.L., Cairns,
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ARTICLE 11 - GAME METRICS AND BIOME
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His research interests are biometri
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5. R. L. Hazlett. Measuring emotion
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ARTICLE 12 - ANALYZING USER BEHAVIO
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elated to player-game interaction a
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10. Kuniavsky, M.: Observing the Us
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ARTICLE 13 - PATTERNS OF PLAY: PLAY
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Play-personas are here introduced a
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It is only natural that game design
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4 Defining play-personas using game
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TRU is the eighth installment in th
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gameplay, descriptiveness of player
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In the case of TRU, the three param
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into which sections of the levels t
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Runners: This group completes the g
Page 269 and 270:
17. Iser, W.: The Implied Reader. J
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