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Levels of Human Resource Development in Mandya District of Karnataka – A Geographical Study Dr. D. Mahesha, Department of Studies in Geography, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006 Dr. B.N. Shivalingappa, Associate Professor, Department of Studies in Geography, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006 Introduction The population quality of region is an extensive and comprehensive concept. It includes the health, nutritional status, literacy and education status, employment status and urbanization of the any region. And it plays a significant role in the exploitation of basic resource and observation at any stage; hence, it plays a crucial role in the regional development. The measurement of development of human resources is a not easy task as it is the composite form of various indicators relating to mental and physical standards of the people. It is uneven from one region to another due to variation in natural and human characteristics in space and time. It indicates imbalance in the overall development of the area. The development of human resource of a country, area of a region is based on some socio economic factors and therefore our national government has launched many socio economic programmes like education, health, work and supply of electricity and food for all villages, irrigational facilities, industrialization, urbanization, and other programmes which have been introduced to the masses with ambition to strengthen and development of human resources. Indeed, it is necessary to identify the areas which are backwardness with respect to the development of particular resource, with this main objective, an attempt has been made in this paper to identify backwardness in human resource development and its pattern during the decade of 1991 and 2001. Methodology To identify backwardness a statistical calculation has been per found using the secondary data from 1991 and 2001 census of Mandya district for the six selected indicators to get their index value. This method has applied by Tripati and Tiwari (1995). Following are the indicators and their formula to calculate the index. Study Area The Mandya district lies between North latitude 12 o 13‟ to 13 o 04‟ and East longitudes 76 o 19‟ to 77 o 20‟. The district is bounded on northwest by Hassan district, on the north and northeast by Tumkur district, on the east by Bangalore district and south by Mysore and Chamarajnagar district. Total geographical area of the district is 4961 sq.kms. The district is divided in to seven taluks coming under two sub divisions. The Mandya sub division comprises Mandya, Maddur and Malavalli taluks. The Pandavapura sub division comprises of Pandavapura, S.R.Patna, Nagamangala and K.R.Pet taluks. Urbanization Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. The relationship between urbanization and development is both positive and circular in nature. Urbanization has given rise to many problems over the years in the developing countries, like India. It is closely associated with the pace of socio economic development of the area and therefore the degree of human resource development index value of urbanization has been calculated as fallows, UPI TPI Where x100 UPI= Urban Population of I Taluk TPI= Total Population of I Taluk Literacy Literacy is considered a fairly reliable index of socio economic and cultural development. It is essential for eradicating poverty. It is therefore treated as the only base on which edifice of the development of human resource can be effected (Chandan R.C, 2006). Index value of literacy has been calculated on the basis of fallowing formula. LPI x100 TPI Where LPI= Literate Population of I Taluk TPI= Total Population of (above seven Years) I Taluk Female Literacy Indian literacy is characterized with sharp difference between the literacy rate of male and female population of rural and urban area and various population sub groups. In fact, females have been neglected for long. They are not considered on equal footing for as an important variable to measure the level of human resource www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJSSM: Volume: 01, Number: 10, Feb-2012 Page 83
development. Index value of female literacy has been calculated on the basis of fallowing method. FLPI x100 TFPI Where : FLPI= Female Literate Population of I Taluk TFPI= Total Female Population of (above seven Years) I Taluk Marginal Workers The marginal workers concept was adopted for the first time during 1981 census. It means those people who had not worked for the major part of the year i.e. those who had not worked for less than six months or 183 days. This indicates the poor economic base of the region. Smaller number of marginal workers indicates a higher degree of human resource development. Index value of marginal workers has been calculated as fallows. MWI x100 TPI Where : MWI= Marginal Workers in I Taluk TPI= Total Population of I Taluk Female Workers Women constitute a significant part of the work force of India: female workers in Mandya district provide proof of the exhibit of marginalization of female workers. Among these majority of women workers are employed in the rural area particularly in agricultural workers and smallest group employed in urban area particularly household industry in petty traders, and services, building construction, etc. large number of female workers indicate the high degree of human resource development. Index value of female workers has been calculated on the basis of fallowing method. FWI TWI x100 Where : FWI= Female Workers in I Taluk TWI= Total Workers in I Taluk Non Agricultural Workers In a developing country like India, the percentage of Agricultural workers or primary workers is high. Hence, the number of non agricultural workers may be regarded as a potential fool to measure the development of human resource. Index value of non agricultural workers has been calculated by the following formula. NAWI x100 TWI Where NAWI= Non agricultural Workers in I Taluk TWI= Total Workers in I Taluk Now all the above values of indicators have been calculated for each taluk and each index has been calculated by average index of the study area to measure the level of human resource development in the taluks. I a taluk have index value less than the study area, the district has been regarded as backwardness with reference to the particular indicator but in the case of marginal workers, the calculation will be in reverse way. If the index value of marginal workers of taluk is higher than the study area, the taluk will be treated as backward with reference to marginal workers. Ultimately according to the index value the whole district has been divided into four regions on the basis of fallowing, if a taluk has index of any one indicator less than the study area it will be treated as an area of least backwardness, if a taluk gas indices of two and three indicators less than the study area these will be treated as areas of moderately backward. Similarly taluk with more than three indices less than the study area is treated as high backward. But if a taluk has indices of all indicators higher than the study area it will be treated as an area with fully developed human resources. Discussion and Analysis To analyze the comparative development of human resources in the taluk wise, the census data of 1991 and 2001heve been utilized. During 1991, Mandya taluk had no backwardness in human resource development and therefore it may be called “Developed Area” in respect of human resource. In 2001, also the same taluk was recorded under this category of backwardness with the indices of all the indicators more than the study area. The remaining taluks witnessed backwardness in one or more indicators. In this context only five indicators were taking to analyze the Backwardness which are urbanization (A), Literacy (B), Female literacy (C), Marginal Workers (D) and Non agricultural workers (E). At this point indicator of female workers is neglecting due to the higher percentage of workers engaged in primary sectors. During 1991, 71.42 percent taluks and backwardness in „A‟, 42.85 in „B‟ 42.85 percent in C, 42.85 percent in „D‟ and 57.14 percent in E indicators. The situation is quite different in 2001, the number of taluks backward in C and D indicators increased during this decade, it means that the taluks of the district with reference to female literacy and marginal workers were not developed and in reaming indicators A,B, and E the degree of backwardness has remained constant. In 2001, the percentage of backwardness in A, B, C, D and E were 71.42, 42.85, 71.42, 85.71 and 57.14 percent respectively. The taluks falling in different categories of backwardness are mentioned in the table 1 and 2. Area of Least backwardness During the 1991, Srirangapattana was least in backwardness, in 2001, again has been registered under same category, in 1991, it was back ward in E indicator only while in 2001 it was backward in indicator D. under the category of least backwardness no other taluk has been registered. www.theinternationaljournal.org > RJSSM: Volume: 01, Number: 10, Feb-2012 Page 84
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Table of Contents Articles-HR Worki
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Lifelong Learning: The Challenge in
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the fact that Indian society tradit
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stakeholder led partnerships (Guile
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Defarges, P M (1996), Les organizat
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Rubenson K (2006), Constructing the
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Looking at the organization also we
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[10]Nilles,Jack M.(1974), The Telec
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THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEV
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the treatment meted out by the top
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1.Number of pucca houses doubled fr
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in the rural markets of India‖. I
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Sustainable Development in Educatio
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esponsible citizens, we can economi
Page 30 and 31:
Study of Impact of Green Marketing
Page 32 and 33:
est path forward. The authors have
Page 34 and 35:
pollution tax. While converse may n
Page 36 and 37: established which started as privat
Page 38 and 39: Principles of Sound lending The ban
Page 40 and 41: Mithila State Dr. Prem Chandra Thak
Page 42 and 43: (Jatasankar jha PP59 Beginning of m
Page 44 and 45: Leadership to manage Emotions in He
Page 46 and 47: will to pursue it through the devel
Page 48 and 49: thing to do.” There are a few oth
Page 50 and 51: Blake, R. and McCanse, A.A. (1991),
Page 52 and 53: and hence considered the most impor
Page 54 and 55: % of Respondents Percentage of Resp
Page 56 and 57: S.No Income (Rs.) Average monthly f
Page 58 and 59: Bibliography [1] Binu Mathew (2006)
Page 60 and 61: Knowledge evolves over time with ex
Page 62 and 63: The cycle works as follows: A. Figu
Page 64 and 65: of companies listed on Jakarta Isla
Page 66 and 67: [4] R. Ball and P. Brown. "An empir
Page 68 and 69: CKK‟s Advertisement Intervention
Page 70 and 71: Another significant feature of the
Page 72 and 73: Psychological Science [A Journal of
Page 74 and 75: • Have a personal action plan for
Page 76 and 77: • But all the units of the organi
Page 78 and 79: Role of Supply chain in successful
Page 80 and 81: POPULATION, SAMPLING AND SAMPLING S
Page 82 and 83: REFERENCES 1. Ademeso, O.S.and Wind
Page 84 and 85: Table-2:ANOVA Test - Type of owners
Page 88 and 89: Area of Moderate backwardness As ma
Page 90 and 91: Criminal Code of Thailand, B.E. 249
Page 92 and 93: In phase 6, the validation will be
Page 94 and 95: 1. Risk factors research Reduce fra
Page 96 and 97: Supply chain management is an integ
Page 98 and 99: . B. Raja Shekar, GVRK Acharyulu, L
Page 100 and 101: other words, it simply means a plan
Page 102 and 103: and encourages communalism which is
Page 104 and 105: From this paper, it has been found
Page 106 and 107: confinement of the research. Thirdl
Page 108 and 109: sentence in India. Adequate safegua
Page 110 and 111: amount of compensation from the Sta
Page 112 and 113: in Joginder Kumar Singh case. It is
Page 114 and 115: 111 TABLE 1. DISTRIBUTION OF WORKER
Page 116 and 117: Appraisal system of the company pay
Page 118 and 119: ITC Limited has a long history of a
Page 120: CONCLUSION The survey indicated tha
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