Interventions for Tuberculosis Control and Elimination 2002
Interventions for Tuberculosis Control and Elimination 2002
Interventions for Tuberculosis Control and Elimination 2002
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
��� �����<br />
������ �����<br />
����� ��� ������<br />
��� �����<br />
������<br />
�������<br />
�����<br />
���� ���������<br />
���� ���������<br />
���� ���������<br />
�������<br />
���� ���� � �� �� �� �� ��<br />
��� ���� ����������<br />
109<br />
����������<br />
�������� ��������<br />
�������� ����������<br />
�������� ����������<br />
����������<br />
������������ ��������<br />
��������������<br />
������������<br />
����������<br />
����������<br />
������� ��������<br />
����������<br />
����������<br />
������� ���������<br />
����������� �������<br />
Figure 61. Results from retrospective studies on the effectiveness of BCG vaccination<br />
against death from meningeal, other extrapulmonary, or disseminated tuberculosis.<br />
745-747,747-753<br />
It may be concluded from these studies that BCG af<strong>for</strong>ds very good<br />
protection against death from tuberculosis, <strong>and</strong> against disseminated <strong>and</strong><br />
meningeal tuberculosis.<br />
Protection conferred by BCG vaccination of newborns <strong>and</strong> infants<br />
Three prospective studies looked into the protective efficacy of BCG given<br />
to newborns or infants against all <strong>for</strong>ms of tuberculosis or morbidity<br />
(figure 62). 742,743,754 The point estimate of the efficacy was between 50%<br />
<strong>and</strong> 80%.<br />
Several retrospective studies examined the effectiveness of newborn or<br />
infant vaccination (figure 63). 747,748,753,755-762 The level of protection in these<br />
studies varies widely, but frequently above 50%. Noteworthy is the study<br />
from Zambia, which stratified effectiveness estimates by HIV status, 760<br />
showing that HIV-infected children had no protection as compared to 60%<br />
protection among HIV-negative children.
Change language