Interventions for Tuberculosis Control and Elimination 2002

• anti-asthmatics such as theophylline. 246-248 The effect on theophylline
pharmacokinetics might be opposed if rifampicin is given in combination
with isoniazid (which has the opposite effect), so that theophylline
clearance might be lowered, requiring a lower dose of theophylline in
patients simultaneously treated with isoniazid and rifampicin; 165
• anti-coagulants such as acenocoumarol, 249,250 phenprocoumon, 251,252 and
warfarin; 253-257
• anti-diabetics such as tolbutamide, 258,259 glidazide 260 or, to a lesser extent,
glimeripide 261 and glyburide; 262
• anti-fungals such as the imidazol derivatives fluconazol 263,263 and ketoconazol;
144
• anti-malarials such as hydroxychloroquine 264 and quinine 265 and mefloquine;
266
• antimicrobial agents such as chloramphenicol; 267
• anti-retroviral agents such as protease inhibitors (saquinavir, ritonavir,
indinavir, nelfinavir), 268,269 nevirapine (inconsistent), 270 and other antiviral
agents such as zidovudine; 271,272
• barbiturates such as hexobarbital; 259
• benzodiazepins such as diazepam; 273
• beta-blockers such as propranolol; 274
• calcium blockers or antagonists such as verapamil 275-277 and nifedipine;
278
• cardiac glycosides such as digoxin; 244,279,280
• haloperidol; 162
• hormones such as oral contraceptives, 281 gluococorticoids, 282,283 ,
insulin, 284,285 , and thyroxine; 286
• immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, 140 cyclosporin, 287-290 and
tacrolimus; 291
34