NAMS 2002 Workshop - ICOM 2008

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Gas Separation II – 3 Tuesday July 15, 3:30 PM-4:00 PM, Kaua’i Physical Aging in Thin Glassy Polymer Films: A Variable Energy Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy Study B. Rowe (Speaker), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA - rowe@che.utexas.edu A. Hill, CSIRO, Clayton, Australia - Anita.Hill@csiro.au S. Pas, CSIRO, Clayton, Australia - Steven.Pas@csiro.au R. Suzuki, AIST, Ibaraki, Japan - r-suzuki@aist.go.jp B. Freeman, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA - freeman@che.utexas.edu D. Paul, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA - drp@che.utexas.edu Most gas separation membranes are formed from glassy polymers because of their exceptional permeability-selectivity properties. However, glassy polymers are non-equilibrium materials that will spontaneously, but usually slowly, change over time towards an equilibrium state by a process known as physical aging. The physical aging rate becomes orders of magnitude more rapid if the thickness of the film is decreased below about one micron. 1 This phenomenon is an intrinsically fascinating scientific issue, and understanding physical aging has broad impacts in several technologies including the gas separation industry. New insight regarding the mechanisms behind physical aging can be gained by studying the free volume profile in polymer films during the aging process. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is a powerful tool capable of determining the size and concentration of free volume sites in polymer systems by measuring the lifetime of injected positrons. 2 The coupling of PALS with a variable mono-energetic positron beam source has resulted in a relatively new technique which allows the energy of the incident positron beam, and, therefore, penetration depth, to be controlled. 3 This research will help provide a better fundamental scientific understanding of why aging rate depends on thickness, particularly at the molecular level. The effect of physical aging on free volume and its distribution across the thickness of thin (l ~ 450 nm) polysulfone (PSF) films was investigated using variable energy PALS. This study is the first reported physical aging study using variable energy PALS. Previous work has typically been completed using films without well defined thermal histories. The concentration and average size of free volume elements were measured at 18 different energies, probing across the entire thickness of each sample. The data show the average free volume element size is reduced near the film surface (up to 50 nm deep) as compared to the interior of the film. Reduced free volume size near the surface indicates that the near-surface layer has aged more rapidly than the film interior. The overall free volume size decreases with aging, with no significant changes in their
concentration. These results are consistent with accelerated physical aging in thin films tracked by gas permeability measurements. The influence of high pressure CO2 on the film free volume properties was also examined. (1)Huang, Y.; Paul, D. R. Polymer 2004, 45, 8377- 8393. (2)Mallon, P. E. In Positron & Positronium Chemistry; Jean, Y. C.; Mallon, P. E.; Schrader, D. M., Eds.: World Scientific, New Jersey, 2003; pp 253-280. (3)Jean, Y. C.; Cao, H.; Dai, G. H.; Suzuki, R.; Ohdaira, T.; Kobayashi, Y.; Hirata, K. Applied Surface Science 1997, 116, 251-255.
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ICOM 2008 Oral Presentation Proceed
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Professor Yoram Cohen Professor Joh
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ICOM 2008 Staff: The University of
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ICOM 2008 Workshop Schedule: Saturd
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Monday, July 14 - Afternoon Session
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Tuesday, July 15 - Afternoon Sessio
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8:15AM 8:35AM EMS Barrer Prize (Mau
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Friday, July 18 - Morning Sessions
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Oral Presentation Abstracts Morning
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Gas Separation I - 1 - Keynote Mond
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esulting permeability selectivity o
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chain packing. To ensure a well pha
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Gas Separation I - 5 Monday July 14
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satisfactory way the corresponding
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Drinking and Wastewater Application
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an adjusted water management in the
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prospect for new energy sources as
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oxygen removal to the desired pH. C
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(Cl - , SO4 2- , As(V)) and water t
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[1] R. Lima de Miranda, J. Kruse, K
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Polymeric Membranes I - 4 Monday Ju
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Polymeric Membranes I - 5 Monday Ju
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Biomedical and Biotechnology I - 1
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Acknowledgments The Authors acknowl
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isolation of CD34+ cells was achiev
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membranes were then challenged with
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in crossflow mode operation were in
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hydroxide. For Mg/Ca = 0, the fouli
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improvement of filterability also t
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scale where fouling rates are commo
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observed in two subsequence phenome
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Membrane Modeling I - Fundamental A
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Membrane Modeling I - Fundamental A
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of the impact of the operating para
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Oral Presentation Abstracts Afterno
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Hybrid and Novel Processes I - 2 Mo
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Arora, M.B., J.A. Hestekin, S.W. Sn
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Conclusions Reverse electrodialysis
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energy recovery. This is a remarkab
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eaction with mediator due to the co
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Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis
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4.3x10 -6 to 7.4x10 -6 cm 2 /s. Bas
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The development of these membranes
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permeability, defined as water perm
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supports including charged (PSF/SPE
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[4] L. M. Robeson, Journal of Membr
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y conventional polymers and provide
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[3] P.M. Budd, K.J. Msayib, C.E. Ta
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Nanostructured Membranes I - 5 Mond
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Fuel Cells I - 1 Monday July 14, 2:
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investigated at first. As a result,
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Desalination I - 2 Monday July 14,
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Composite Polymeric Membrane Format
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NAMS Alan S. Michaels Award - 1a Tu
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NAMS Alan S. Michaels Award - 2 Tue
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opportunities for improving membran
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NAMS Alan S. Michaels Award - 4b Tu
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[4] K. Vanherck et al. Accepted for
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accumulation had a strong effect on
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and, if so, to develop correlations
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non-porous and porous membranes are
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[2] Palmeri, J., Sandeaux, R. Sande
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fouling. Information obtained from
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Page 169 and 170: Nanostructured Membranes II - 5 Tue
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Page 173 and 174: than 10 nm. XRD data suggest that t
Page 175 and 176: Pervaporation and Vapor Permeation
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Page 197 and 198: References: [1] Stupp, S. I.; Lebon
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Page 229 and 230: were collected, the viable bacteria
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Page 233 and 234: Inorganic Membranes I - 3 Tuesday J
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Membrane and Surface Modification I
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Gas Separation III - 1 - Keynote We
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Gas Separation III - 2 Wednesday Ju
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separation was next blended with di
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Polymeric Membranes II - 1 - Keynot
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Polymeric Membranes II - 3 Wednesda
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5. Erdodi, G.; Kennedy, J. P.; Prog
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observed for different locations in
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Biomedical and Biotechnology II - 3
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applied in the first two fields wil
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distribution of SBMA units within t
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5500 ppm (15 mM) was lowered to 30
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increasing the effective size of th
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etween 0 and 1), the automatic feed
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Membrane Modeling III - Process Sim
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Membrane Modeling III - Process Sim
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models developed suggests that ther
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start level has a huge impact on th
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Ultra- and Microfiltration I - Tran
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all three binary protein UF systems
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Synthetic solutions of ±-lactalbum
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Gas Separation IV - 2 Thursday July
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6. T. C. Merkel, Z. He, I. Pinnau,
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EMS Barrer Prize - 1b Thursday July
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EMS Barrer Prize - 3 Thursday July
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EMS Barrer Prize - 4b Thursday July
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EMS Barrer Prize - 5 Thursday July
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therapy options have been modelled
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Ultra- and Microfiltration II - Pro
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in the vicinity of the rising bubbl
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of feed water ionic strength) on re
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technology that has gained growing
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Optimize polymeric membranes for sa
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Inorganic Membranes II - 2 Thursday
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confirms that the carbon dioxide pe
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permeability, stability issues comp
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Fuel Cells II - 2 Thursday July 17,
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5. Conclusion In this work, the evo
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Oral Presentation Abstracts Afterno
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an essentially pure H2 product is c
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In the presentation, we will presen
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was observed, indicative of the sim
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References Arora, M.B., J.A. Hestek
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performance of fibers is analyzed a
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Membrane Fouling III - RO & Biofoul
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Pervaporation and Vapor Permeation
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[4] H. Noureddini, Book of Abstract
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component (PX, OX) separation via p
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Generally these results were in goo
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introduction of methyl groups into
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separation quality (10 µS/cm) and
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Desalination II - 3 Thursday July 1
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drop are linearly related (although
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antiscalant oxidation has been limi
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oth 15±5 kDa, which suggests that
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Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and
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y single gas permeation experiments
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PDMS toplayers were only partially
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noting that cross-linking agents co
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such extended parameter space in th
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Hybrid Membranes - 6 Thursday July
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Plenary Lecture III Friday July 18.
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Gas Separation V - 1 - Keynote Frid
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References: [1] H. Lin, E. Van Wagn
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elative contributions of Fickian di
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Gas Separation V - 4 Friday July 18
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Gas Separation V - 6 Friday July 18
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Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses
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- Hybrid RO train: A hybrid RO trai
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concentration as well as on the sod
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scaling deposits in the DCMD device
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Silica colloidal solution with diff
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Membrane Fouling IV - RO & Desalina
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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) UF membrane
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the polymer dope was PEI (12 wt%),
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Inorganic Membranes III - 1 - Keyno
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Inorganic Membranes III - 2 Friday
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CO2/H2 selectivity at high temperat
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ammonia complexes in aqueous soluti
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possible to have a membrane capable
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fired boiler flue gas, SOx and merc
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EPR/Ago/p-benzoquinone composite sh
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elated to the presence of free elec
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surroundings. When the temperature
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that no absorbent was detected in t
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days of filtration from 120 to 7-10
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was performed to restore membrane f
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with the SRT of 65 days, no correla
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Results Critical flux measurements
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MLSS is not directly proportional t
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Fuel Cells III - 2 Friday July 18,
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Fuel Cells III - 4 Friday July 18,
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Ultra- and Microfiltration III - Me
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can be deduced from the imaginary p
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membranes. The analysis of the ligh
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Membrane Contactors - 2 Friday July
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absorption liquid in the pores of t
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Packaging and Barrier Materials - 1
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Historically, all the approaches de
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